2 Bacterial Pathogenicity
Annual Plant Reviews book series, Volume 4: Molecular Plant Pathology
Elisabeth Huguet,
Elisabeth Huguet
Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l' Insecte, Université F. Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, Tours, 37200 France
Search for more papers by this authorElisabeth Huguet,
Elisabeth Huguet
Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l' Insecte, Université F. Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, Tours, 37200 France
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 19 April 2018
This article was originally published in 2000 in Molecular Plant Pathology, Volume 4 (ISBN 9781841271088) of the Annual Plant Reviews book series, this volume edited by Matthew Dickinson and Jim Beynon. The article was republished in Annual Plant Reviews online in April 2018.
Abstract
The sections in this article are
- Introduction
- To Become a Successful Phytopathogen
- Features of the Hrp Type III Pathway that are Conserved with Type III Secretion Systems in Animal Pathogens
- Specific Aspects of Type III Protein Secretion in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgements
References
- Adler, B., Sasakawa, C., Tobe, T., Makino, S., Komatsu, K. and Yoshikawa, M. (1989) A dual transcriptional activation system for the 230 kb plasmid genes coding for virulence-associated antigens of Shigella flexneri . Mol. Microbiol., 3 627-35.
- Agrios, G.N. (1988) Plant Pathology, Third Edition, Academic Press Inc., New York.
- Alfano, J.R. and Collmer, A. (1997) The Type III (Hrp) secretion pathway of plant pathogenic bacteria: trafficking Harpins, Avr proteins and death. J. Bacteriol., 179 5655-62.
- Alfano, J.R., Bauer, D.W., Milos, T.M. and Collmer, A. (1996) Analysis of the role of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae HrpZ harpin in elicitation of the hypersensitive response in tobacco using functionally non-polar hrpZ deletion mutations, truncated HrpZ fragments and hrmA mutations. Mol. Microbiol., 19 715-28.
- Allaoui, A., Sansonetti, P.J. and Parsot, C. (1992) MxiJ, a lipoprotein involved in secretion of Shigella Ipa invasins, is homologous to YscJ, a secretion factor of the Yersinia Yop proteins. J. Bacteriol., 174 7661-69.
- Allaoui, A., Sansonetti, P.J. and Parsot, C. (1993) MxiD, an outer membrane protein necessary for the secretion of the Shigella flexneri Ipa invasins. Mol. Microbiol., 7 59-68.
- Allaoui, A., Woestyn, S., Sluiters, C. and Cornelis, G.R. (1994) YscU, a Yersinia enterocolitica inner membrane protein involved in Yop secretion. J. Bacteriol., 176 4534-42.
- Allaoui, A., Sansonetti, P.J., Menard, R., Barzu, S., Mounier, J., Phalipon, A. and Parsot, C. (1995a) MxiG, a membrane protein required for secretion of Shigella spp. Ipa invasins: involvement in entry into epithelial cells and in intercellular dissemination. Mol. Microbiol., 17 461-70.
- Allaoui, A., Schulte, R. and Cornelis, G.R. (1995b) Mutational analysis of the Yersinia enterocolitica virC operon: characterization of yscE, F, G, I, J, K required for Yop secretion and yscH encoding YopR. Mol. Microbiol., 18 343-55.
- Andersson, K., Carballeira, N., Magnusson, K.E., Persson, C., Stendahl, O., Wolf-Watz, H. and Fallman, M. (1996) YopH of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis interrupts early phosphotyrosine signalling associated with phagocytosis. Mol. Microbiol., 20 1057-69.
- Andro, T., Chambost, J.P., Kotoujansky, A., Cattaneo, J., Bertheau, Y., Barras, F., van Gijsegem, F. and Coleno, A. (1984) Mutants of Erwinia chrysanthemi defective in secretion of pectinase and cellulase. J. Bacteriol., 160 1199-203.
- Arlat, M., Gough, C.L., Barber, C.E., Boucher, C. and Daniels, M.J. (1991) Xanthomonas campestris contains a cluster of hrp genes related to the larger hrp cluster of Pseudomonas solanacearum . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 4 593-601.
- Arlat, M., Gough, C.L., Zischek, C., Barberis, P.A., Trigalet, A. and Boucher, C.A. (1992) Transcriptional organization and expression of the large hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas solanacearum . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 5 187-93.
- Arlat, M., van Gijsegem, F., Huet, J.C., Pernollet, J.C. and Boucher, C.A. (1994) PopA1, a protein which induces a hypersensitivity-like response on specific Petunia genotypes, is secreted via the Hrp pathway of Pseudomonas solanacearum . EMBO J., 13 543-53.
- Baker, B., Zambryski, P., Staskawicz, B. and Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. (1997) Signalling in plant-microbe interactions. Science, 276 726-33.
- Barber, C.E., Tang, J.L., Feng, J.X., Pan, M.Q., Wilson, T.J.G., Slater, H., Dow, J.M., Williams, P. and Daniels, M.J. (1997) A novel regulatory system required for pathogenicity of Xanthomonas campestris is mediated by a small diffusible signal molecule. Mol. Microbiol., 24 555-66.
- Barny, M.A. (1995) Erwinia amylovora hrpN mutants, blocked in harpin synthesis, express a reduced virulence on host plants and elicit variable hypersensitive reactions on tobacco. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 101 333-40.
- Barny, M.A., Guinebretière, M.H., Marçais, B., Coissac, E., Paulin, J.P. and Laurent, J. (1990) Cloning of a large gene cluster involved in Erwinia amylovora CFBP1430 virulence. Mol. Microbiol., 4 777-86.
- Baron, C., Llosa, M., Zhou, S. and Zambryski, P. C. (1997) VirB1, a component of the T-complex transfer machinery of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is processed to a C-terminal secreted product, VirB1. J. Bacteriol., 179 1203-10.
- Barras, F., Thurn, K.K. and Chatterjee, A.K. (1987) Resolution of four pectate lyase structural genes of Erwinia chrysanthemi (EC16) and characterization of the enzymes produced in Escherichia coli . Mol. Gen. Genet., 209 319-25.
- Barras, F., van Gijsegem, F. and Chatterjee, A.K. (1994) Extracellular enzymes and pathogenesis of soft rot Erwinia . Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 32 201-34.
- Bauer, D.W. and Beer, S.V. (1991) Further characterization of an hrp gene cluster of Erwinia amylovora . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 4 493-99.
- Bauer, D.W., Bogdanove, A.J., Beer, S.V. and Collmer, A. (1994) Erwinia chrysanthemi hrp genes and their involvement in soft rot pathogenesis and elicitation of the hypersensitive response. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 7 573-81.
- Beaulieu, C., Boccara, M. and van Gijsegem, F. (1993) Pathogenic behaviour of pectinase-defective Erwinia chrysanthemi mutants on different plants. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 6 197-202.
- Beck von Bodman, S. and Farrand, S.K. (1995) Capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis and pathogenicity of Erwinia stewartii require induction by an N-acylhomoserine lactone autoinducer. J. Bacteriol., 177 5000-5008.
- Bender, C.L., Stone, H.E., Sims, J.J. and Cooksey, D.A. (1987) Reduced pathogen fitness of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato Tn5 insertions defective in coronatine production. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 30 273-83.
- Bent, A.F. (1996) Plant disease resistance genes: function meets structure. Plant Cell, 8 1757-71.
- Bergman, T., Erickson, K., Galyov, E., Persson, C. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1994) The IcrB (yscN/U) gene cluster of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is involved in Yop secretion and shows high homology to the spa gene clusters of Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium . J. Bacteriol., 176 2619-26.
- Bernhard, T., Coplin, D.L. and Geider, K. (1993) A gene cluster for amylovoran synthesis in Erwinia amylovora: characterization and relation to cps genes in Erwinia stewartii . Mol. Gen. Genet., 239 158-68.
- Bertheau, Y., Madgidi-Hervan, E., Kotoujansky, A., Nguyen-The, C., Andro, T. and Coleno, A. (1984) Detection of depolymerase isoenzymes after electrophoresis or electrofocusing, or in titration curves. Analytical Biochem., 139 383-89.
- Bliska, J.B. and Black, D.S. (1995) Inhibition of the Fc receptor-mediated oxidative burst in macrophages by the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis tyrosine phosphatase. Infect. Immun., 63 681-85.
- Boccara, M., Diolez, A., Rouve, M. and Kotoujansky, A. (1988) The role of the individual pectate lyases of Erwinia chrysanthemi strain 3937 in pathogenicity on Saintpaulia plants. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 33 95-104.
- Bogdanove, A., Beer, S.V., Bonas, U., Boucher, C.A., Collmer, A., Coplin, D.L., Cornelis, G.R., Huang, H.-C., Hutcheson, S.W., Panopoulos, N.J. and van Gijsegem, F. (1996a) Unified nomenclature for broadly conserved hrp genes of phytopathogenic bacteria. Mol. Microbiol., 20 681-83.
- Bogdanove, A.J., Wei, Z.M., Zhao, L. and Beer, S.V. (1996b) Erwinia amylovora secretes harpin via a type III pathway and contains a homolog of yopN of Yersinia spp. J. Bacteriol., 178 1720-30.
- Bogdanove, A.J., Bauer, D.W. and Beer, S.V. (1998a) Erwinia amylovora secretes DspE, a pathogenicity factor and functional AvrE homolog, through the Hrp (type III secretion) pathway. J. Bacteriol., 180 2244-47.
- Bogdanove, A.J., Kim, J.F., Wei, Z., Kolchinsky, P., Charkowski, A.O., Conlin, A.K., Collmer, A. and Beer, S.V. (1998b) Homology and functional similarity of an hrp-linked pathogenicity locus, dspEF, of Erwinia amylovora and the avirulence locus, avrE, of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 95 1325-30.
- Boland, A., Sory, M.P., Iriarte, M., Kerbourch, C., Wattiau, P. and Cornelis, G.R. (1996) Status of YopM and YopN in the Yersinia Yop virulon: YopM of Y. enterocolitica is internalized inside the cytosol of PU5-1.8 macrophages by the YopB, D, N delivery apparatus. EMBO J., 15 5191-201.
- Bonas, U. and Van den Ackerveken, G. (1997) Recognition of bacterial avirulence proteins occurs inside the plant cell: a general phenomenon in resistance to bacterial diseases. Plant J., 12 1-7.
- Bonas, U., Stall, R.E. and Staskawicz, B. (1989) Genetic and structural characterization of the avirulence gene, avrBs3, from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria . Mol. Gen. Genet., 218 127-36.
- Bonas, U., Schulte, R., Fenselau, S., Minsavage, G.V. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1991) Isolation of a gene cluster from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria that determines pathogenicity and the hypersensitive response on pepper and tomato. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 4 81-88.
- Boucher, C.A., van Gijsegem, F., Barberis, P.A., Arlat, M. and Zischek, C. (1987) Pseudomonas solanacearum genes controlling both pathogenicity on tomato and hypersensitivity on tobacco are clustered. J. Bacteriol., 169 5626-32.
- Brito, B., Marenda, M., Barberis, P., Boucher, C. and Genin, S. (1999) prhJ and hrpG, two new components of the plant signal-dependent regulatory cascade controlled by PrhA in Ralstonia solanacearum . Mol. Microbiol., 31 237-51.
- Brown, I., Mansfield, J. and Bonas, U. (1995) hrp genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria determine ability to suppress papillae deposition in pepper mesophyll cells. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 825-36.
- Cha, C., Gao, P., Chen, Y-C., Shaw, P.D. and Farrand S.K. (1998) Production of acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals by Gram-negative plant-associated bacteria. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 11 1119-29.
- Charkowski, A.O., Huang, H.-C. and Collmer, A. (1997) Altered localization of HrpZ in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae hrp mutants suggests that different components of the Type III secretion pathway control protein translocation across the inner and outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. J. Bacteriol., 179 3866-74.
- Chatterjee, A.K., Ross, L.M., McEvoy, J.L. and Thurn, K.K. (1985) pULB113, an RP4:mini-Mu plasmid, mediates chromosomal mobilisation and R-prime formation in Erwinia amylovora, Erwinia chrysanthemi and subspecies of Erwinia carotovora . Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 50 1-9.
- Chen, Y., Smith, M.R., Thirumalai, K. and Zychlinsky, A. (1996) A bacterial invasin induces macrophage apoptosis by binding directly to ICE. EMBO J., 15 3853-60.
- Christie, P.J. (1997) Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-complex transport apparatus: a paradigm for a new family of multifunctional transporters in eubacteria. J. Bacteriol., 179 3085-94.
- Citovsky, V., De Vos, G. and Zambryski, P. (1988) Single-stranded DNA binding protein encoded by the virE locus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens . Science, 240 501-504.
- Citovsky, V., Wong, M.L. and Zambryski, P. (1989) Cooperative interaction of Agrobacterium VirE2 protein with single-stranded DNA: implications for the T-DNA transfer process. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86 1193-97.
- Citovsky, V., Zupan, J., Warnick, D. and Zambryski, P. (1992) Nuclear localization of Agrobacterium VirE2 protein in plant cells. Science, 256 1802-1805.
- Clough, S.J., Lee, K.E., Schell, M.A. and Denny, T.P. (1997) A two-component system in Ralstonia solanacearum modulates production of phcA-regulated virulence factors in response to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester. J. Bacteriol., 179 3639-48.
- Collazo, C.M. and Galan, J.E. (1996) Requirement for exported proteins in secretion through the invasion-associated type III system of Salmonella typhimurium . Infect. Immun., 64 3524-31.
- Collazo, C.M. and Galan, J.E. (1997a) The invasion-associated type III system of Salmonella typhimurium directs the translocation of Sip proteins into the host cell. Mol. Microbiol., 24 747-56.
- Collazo, C.M. and Galan, J.E. (1997b) The invasion-associated type-III protein secretion system in Salmonella: a review. Gene, 192 51-59.
- Collmer, A. and Keen, N.T. (1986) The role of pectic enzymes in plant pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 24 383-409.
- Condemine, G., Dorel, C., Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, N. and Robert-Baudouy, J. (1992) Some of the Out genes involved in the secretion of pectate lyases in Erwinia chrysanthemi are regulated by kdgR. Mol. Microbiol., 6 3199-211.
- Coplin, D.L. and Majerczak, D.R. (1990) Extracellular polysaccharide genes in Erwinia stewartii directed mutagenesis and complementation analysis. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 3 286-92.
- Cornelis, G.R. (1994) Yersinia pathogenicity factors. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol., 192 243-63.
- Cornelis, G.R. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1997) The Yersinia Yop virulon: a bacterial system for subverting eukaryotic cells. Mol. Microbiol., 23 861-67.
- Cornelis, G., Sluiters, C., de Rouvroit, C.L. and Michiels, T. (1989) Homology between virF, the transcriptional activator of the Yersinia virulence regulon, and AraC, the Escherichia coli arabinose operon regulator. J. Bacteriol., 171 254-62.
- Dangl, J.L. (1994) The enigmatic avirulence genes of phytopathogenic bacteria. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol., 192 99-118.
- De Feyter, R., Yang, Y. and Gabriel, D.W. (1993) Gene-for-gene interactions between cotton R genes and Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum avr genes. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 6 225-37.
- De Wit, J.G.M. (1997) Pathogen avirulence and plant resistance: a key role for recognition. Trends Plant Sci., 2 452-57.
- Denny, T.P. (1995) Involvement of bacterial polysaccharide in plant pathogenesis. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 33 173-97.
- DiMango, E., Zar, H.J., Bryan, R. and Prince A. (1995) Diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene products stimulate respiratory epithelial cells to produce interleukin-8. J. Clin. Invest., 96 2204-10.
- Dixon, R.A., Harrison, M.J. and Lamb, C.J. (1994) Early events in the activation of plant defense responses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 32 479-501.
- Donnenberg, M.S., Kaper, J.B. and Finlay, B.B. (1997) Interactions between enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and host epithelial cells. Trends Microbiol., 5 109-14.
- Eichelberg, K., Ginocchio, C. and Gla, J.E. (1994) Molecular and functional characterization of the Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes, invB and invC: homology of InvC to the F0F1 ATPase family of proteins. J. Bacteriol., 176 4501-10.
-
Fellay, R., Rahme, L.G., Mindrinos, M.N., Frederick, R.D., Pisi, A. and Panopoulos, N.J. (1991) Genes and signals controlling the Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola-plant interaction, in Advances in Molecular Genetics of Plant-Microbe Interactions (eds. H. Hennecke and D.P.S. Veram), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 45-52.
10.1007/978-94-015-7934-6_7 Google Scholar
- Fenselau, S. and Bonas, U. (1995) Sequence and expression analysis of the hrpB pathogenicity operon of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, which encodes eight proteins with similarity to components of the Hrp, Ysc, Spa and Fli secretion systems, Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 845-54.
- Fenselau, S., Balbo, I. and Bonas, U. (1992) Determinants of pathogenicity in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are related to proteins involved in secretion in bacterial pathogens of animals. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 5 390-96.
- Feys, B.J.F., Benedetti, C.E., Penfold, C.N. and Tumer, J.G. (1994) Arabidopsis mutants selected for resistance to the phytotoxin, coronatine, are male-sterile, insensitive to methyl jasmonate and resistant to a bacterial pathogen. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 6 751-59.
- Fields, K.A., Plano, G.V. and Straley, S.C. (1994) A low-Ca2+ response (LCR) secretion (ysc) locus lies within the lcrB region of the LCR plasmid in Yersinia pestis . J. Bacteriol., 176 569-79.
- Flavier, A.B., Ganova-Raeva, L.M., Schell, M.A. and Denny, T.P. (1997) Hierarchical autoinduction in Ralstonia solanacearum: control of acyl-homoserine lactone production by a novel autoregulatory system responsive to 3-hydroxypalmitic acid methyl ester. J. Bacteriol., 179 7089-97.
- Flavier, A.B., Schell, M.A. and Denny, T.P. (1998) An RpoS (sigmaS) homologue regulates acyl-homoserine lactone-dependent autoinduction in Ralstonia solanacearum . Mol. Microbiol., 28 475-86.
- Flor, H.H. (1956) The complementary genetic systems in flax and flax rust. Adv. Genet., 8 29-54.
- Forsberg, A. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1988) The virulence protein, YopE, of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is regulated at transcriptional level by plasmid-p1B1-encoded trans-acting elements controlled by temperature and calcium. Mol. Microbiol., 2 121-33.
- Forsberg, A., Viitanen, A.M., Skurnik, M. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1991) The surface-located YopN protein is involved in calcium signal transduction in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis . Mol. Microbiol., 5 977-86.
- Frederick, R.D., Majerczak, D.R. and Coplin, D.L. (1993) Erwinia stewartii WtsA, a positive regulator of pathogenicity gene expression, is similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola HrpS. Mol. Microbiol., 9 477-85.
- Freiberg, C., Fellay, R., Bairoch, A., Broughton, W.J., Rosenthal, A. and Perret, X. (1997) Molecular basis of symbiosis between Rhizobium and legumes. Nature, 387 394-401.
- Fu, Y. and Galan, J.E. (1998) The Salmonella typhimurium tyrosine phosphatase SptP is translocated into the host cells and disrupts the actin cytoskeleton. Mol. Microbiol., 27 359-68.
- Fullner, K.J., Lara, J.C. and Nester, E.W. (1996) Pilus assembly by Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer genes. Science, 273 1107-1109.
- Fuqua, C., Winans, S.C. and Greenberg, E.P. (1996) Census and consensus in bacterial ecosystems: the LuxR-LuxI family of quorum-sensing transcriptional regulators. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 50 727-51.
- Galan, J.E. (1996) Molecular genetic bases of Salmonella entry into host cells. Mol. Microbiol., 20 263-71.
- Galyov, E.E., Wood, M.W., Rosqvist, R., Mullan, P.B., Watson, P.R., Hedges, S. and Wallis, T.S. (1997) A secreted effector protein of Salmonella dublin is translocated into eukaryotic cells and mediates inflammation and fluid secretion in infected ileal mucosa. Mol. Microbiol., 25 903-12.
- Gaudriault, S., Malandrin, L., Paulin, J.-P. and Barny, M.-A. (1997) DspA, an essential pathogenicity factor of Erwinia amylovora showing homology with AvrE of Pseudomonas syringae, is secreted via the Hrp secretion pathway in a DspB-dependent way. Mol. Microbiol., 26 1057-69.
- Gaudriault, S., Brisset, M.N. and Barny, M.-A. (1998) HrpW of Erwinia amylovora, a new Hrp-secreted protein. FEBS Lett., 29 224-28.
- Genin, S. and Boucher, C.A. (1994) A superfamily of proteins involved in different secretion pathways in Gram-negative bacteria: modular structure and specificity of the N-terminal domain. Mol. Gen. Genet., 243 112-18.
- Genin, S., Gough, C.L., Zischek, C. and Boucher, C.A. (1992) Evidence that the hrpB gene encodes a positive regulator of pathogenicity genes from Pseudomonas solanacearum . Mol. Microbiol., 6 3065-76.
- Gheysen, G., Villarroel, R. and Van Montagu, M. (1991) Illegitimate recombination in plants: a model for T-DNA integration. Genes Dev., 5 287-97.
- Ginocchio, C.C., Olmsted, S.B., Wells, C.L. and Galan, J.E. (1994) Contact with epithelial cells induces the formation of surface appendages on Salmonella typhimurium . Cell, 76 717-24.
- Gopalan, S., Bauer, D.W., Alfano, J.A., Loniello, A.O., He, S.Y. and Collmer, A. (1996) Expression of the Pseudomonas syringae avirulence protein, AvrB, in plant cells alleviates its dependence on the hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) secretion system in eliciting genotype-specific hypersensitive cell death. Plant Cell, 8 1095-105.
- Greenberg, J.T., Guo, A., Klessig, D.F. and Ausubel, F.M. (1994) Programmed cell death in plants: a pathogen-triggered response activated coordinately with multiple defense functions. Cell, 77 551-64.
- Gray, K.M. (1997) Intercellular communication and group behavior in bacteria. Trends Microbiol., 5 184-87.
- Grimm, C. and Panopoulos, N.J. (1989) The predicted protein product of a pathogenicity locus from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is homologous to a highly conserved domain of several procaryotic regulatory proteins. J. Bacteriol., 171 5031-38.
- Gross, D.C. (1991) Molecular and genetic analysis of toxin production by pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae . Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 29 247-78.
- Hakansson, S., Galyov, E.E., Rosqvist, R. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1996a) The Yersinia YpkA Ser/Thr kinase is translocated and subsequently targeted to the inner surface of the HeLa cell plasma membrane. Mol. Microbiol., 20 593-603.
- Hakansson, S., Schesser, K., Persson, C., Galyov, E.E., Rosqvist, R., Homble, F. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1996b) The YopB protein of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is essential for the translocation of Yop effector proteins across the target cell plasma membrane and displays a contact-dependent membrane disrupting activity. EMBO J., 15 5812-23.
- Hammond-Kosack, K.E. and Jones, J.D.G. (1996) Resistance gene-dependent plant defense responses. Plant Cell, 8 1773-91.
- Hardie, K.R., Lory, S. and Pugsley, A.P. (1996a) Insertion of an outer membrane protein in Escherichia coli requires a chaperone-like protein. EMBO J., 15 978-88.
- Hardie, K.R., Seydel, A., Guilvout, I. and Pugsley, A.P. (1996b) The secretin-specific, chaperone-like protein of the general secretory pathway: separation of proteolytic protection and piloting functions. Mol. Microbiol., 22 967-76.
- He, S.Y. (1997) Hrp-controlled interkingdom protein transport: learning from flagellar assembly? Trends Microbiol., 5 489-95.
- He, S.Y., Huang, H.C. and Collmer, A. (1993) Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae harpinPss: a protein that is secreted via the Hrp pathway and elicits the hypersensitive response in plants. Cell, 73 1255-66.
- Herbers, K., Conrads-Strauch, J. and Bonas, U. (1992) Race-specificity of plant resistance to bacterial spot disease determined by repetitive motifs in a bacterial avirulence protein. Nature, 356 172-74.
- Herrera-Estrella, A., Chen, Z.M., Van Montagu, M. and Wang, K. (1988) VirD proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens are required for the formation of a co-valent DNA-protein complex at the 5′ terminus of T-strand molecules. EMBO J., 7 4055-62.
- Howard, E.A. and Citovsky, V. (1990) The emerging structure of the Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer complex. Bioessays, 12 103-108.
- Howard, E.A., Zupan, J.R., Citovsky, V. and Zambryski, P.C. (1992) The VirD2 protein of A. tumefaciens contains a C-terminal bipartite nuclear localization signal: implications for nuclear uptake of DNA in plant cells. Cell, 68 109-18.
- Hoyos, M.E., Stanley, C.M., He, S.Y., Pike, S., Pu, X.-A. and Novacky, A. (1996) The interaction of HarpinPss with plant cell walls. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 9 608-16.
- Huang, H.C., Schuurink, R., Denny, T.P., Atkinson, M.M., Baker, C.J., Yucel, I., Hutcheson, S.W. and Collmer, A. (1988) Molecular cloning of a Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae gene cluster that enables Pseudomonas fluorescens to elicit the hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. J. Bacteriol., 170 4748-56.
- Huang, H.C., Lin, R.H., Chang, C.J., Collmer, A. and Deng, W.L. (1995) The complete hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 includes two blocks of genes required for harpinPss secretion that are arranged colinearly with Yersinia ysc homologs. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 733-46.
- Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, N., Condemine, G., Nasser, W. and Reverchon, S. (1996) Regulation of pectinolysis in Erwinia chrysanthemi . Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 50 213-57.
- Huguet, E., Hahn, K., Wengelnik, K. and Bonas, U. (1998) hpaA mutants of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria are affected in pathogenicity but retain the ability to induce host-specific hypersensitive reaction. Mol. Microbiol., 29 1379-90.
- Hutchison, M.L., Tester, M.A. and Gross, D.C. (1995) Role of biosurfactant and ion channel-forming activities of syringomycin in transmembrane ion flux: a model for the mechanism of action in the plant-pathogen interaction. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 610-20.
- Huynh, T.V., Dahlbeck, D. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1989) Bacterial blight of soybean: regulation of a pathogen gene determining host cultivar specificity. Science, 245 1374-77.
- Innes, R.W., Bent, A.F., Kunkel, B.N., Bisgrove, S.R. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1993) Molecular analysis of avirulence gene, avrRpt2, and identification of a putative regulatory sequence common to all known Pseudomonas syringae avirulence genes. J. Bacteriol., 175 4859-69.
- Jakobek, J.L. and Lindgren, P.B. (1993) Generalized induction of defense responses in bean is not correlated with the induction of the hypersensitive reaction. Plant Cell, 5 49-56.
- Jakobek, J.L., Smith, J.A. and Lindgren, P.B. (1993) Suppression of bean defense responses by Pseudomonas syringae . Plant Cell, 5 57-63.
- Ji, J., Hugouvieux-Cotte-Pattat, N. and Robert-Baudouy, J. (1987) Use of Mu-lac insertions to study the secretion of pectate lyases by Erwinia chrysanthemi . J. Gen. Microbiol., 133 793-802.
- Jones, S., Yu, B., Bainton, N.J., Birdsall, M., Bycroft, B.W., Chhabra, R.R., Cox, A.J.R., Golby, P., Reeves, P.J., Stephens, S., Winson, M.K., Salmond, G.P.C., Stewart, G.S.A.B. and Williams, P. (1993) The lux autoinducer regulates the production of exoenzyme virulence determinants in Erwinia carotovora and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . EMBO J., 12 2477-82.
- Kaniga, K., Bossio, J.C. and Galan, J.E. (1994) The Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes, invF and invG, encode homologues of the AraC and PulD family of proteins. Mol. Microbiol., 13 555-68.
- Kao, C.C., Barlow, E. and Sequeira, L. (1992) Extracellular polysaccharide is required for wild-type virulence of Pseudomonas solanacearum . J. Bacteriol., 174 1068-71.
- Kazmierczak, B.I., Mielke, D.L., Russel, M. and Model, P. (1994) pIV, a filamentous phage protein that mediates phage export across the bacterial cell envelope, forms a multimer. J. Mol. Biol., 238 187-98.
- Kearney, B. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1990) Widespread distribution and fitness contribution of Xanthomonas campestris avirulence gene, avrBs2 . Nature, 346 385-86.
-
Klement, Z. (1982) Hypersensitivity, in Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes (eds. M.S. Mount and G.H. Lacy), Academic Press, New York, pp. 149-77.
10.1016/B978-0-12-509002-5.50017-3 Google Scholar
- Knoop, V., Staskawicz, B. and Bonas, U. (1991) Expression of the avirulence gene, avrBs3, from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is not under the control of hrp genes and is independent of plant factors. J. Bacteriol., 173 7142-50.
- Knutton, S., Rosenshine, I., Pallen, M.J., Nisan, I., Neves, B.C., Bain, C., Wolff, C., Dougan, G. and Frankel, G. (1998) A novel EspA-associated surface organelle of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli involved in protein translocation into epithelial cells. EMBO J., 17 2166-76.
- Kobe, B. and Deisenhofer, J. (1994) The leucine-rich repeat: a versatile binding motif. Trends Biochem . Sci., 19 415-21.
- Koster, M., Bitter, W., de Cock, H., Allaoui, A., Cornelis, G.R. and Tommassen, J. (1997) The outer membrane component, YscC, of the Yop secretion machinery of Yersinia emerocolitica forms a ring-shaped multimeric complex. Mol. Microbiol., 26 789-97.
- Kubori, T., Matsushima, Y., Nakamura, D., Uralil, J., Lara-Tejero, M., Sukhan, A., Galan, J.E. and Aizawa, S.I. (1998) Supramolecular structure of the Salmonella typhimurium type III protein secretion system. Science, 280 602-605.
- Lai, E.-M. and Kado, C.I. (1998) Processed VirB2 is the major subunit of the promiscuous pilus of Agrobacterium tumefaciens . J. Bacteriol., 180 2711-17.
- Leach, J.E. and White, F.F. (1996) Bacterial avirulence genes. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 34 153-79.
- Leister, R.T., Ausubel, F.M. and Katagiri, F. (1996) Molecular recognition of pathogen attack occurs inside of plant cells in plant disease resistance specified by the Arabidopsis genes, RPS2 and RPM1 . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93 15497-502.
- Li, J., Ochman, H., Groisman, E.A., Boyd, E.F., Solomon, F., Nelson, K. and Selander, R.K. (1995) Relationship between evolutionary rate and cellular location among the Inv/Spa invasion proteins of Salmonella enterica . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92 7252-56.
- Lindgren, P.B., Peet, R.C. and Panopoulos, N.J. (1986) Gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. ‘phaseolicola’ controls pathogenicity of bean plants and hypersensitivity of non-host plants (published erratum appears in J. Bacteriol. (1987) 169 928). J. Bacteriol., 168 512-22.
-
Lindgren, P.B., Panopoulos, N.J., Staskawicz, B.J. and Dahlbeck, D. (1988) Genes required for pathogenicity and hypersensitivity are conserved and interchangeable among pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae
. Mol. Gen. Genet., 211
4499-506.
10.1007/BF00425707 Google Scholar
- Lindgren, P.B., Frederick, R., Govindarajan, A.G., Panopoulos, N.J., Staskawicz, B.J. and Lindow, S.E. (1989) An ice nucleation reporter gene system: identification of inducible pathogenicity genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (published erratum appears in EMBO J., (1989) 8 2121). EMBO J., 8 1291-301.
- Loh, Y.T. and Martin, G.B. (1995) The disease-resistance gene, Pto, and the fenthion-sensitivity gene, fen, encode closely-related functional protein kinases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92 4181-84.
- Lorang, J.M. and Keen, N.T. (1995) Characterization of avrE from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato: an hrp-linked avirulence locus consisting of at least two transcriptional units. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 49-57.
- Lorang, J.M., Shen, H., Kobayashi, D., Cooksey, D. and Keen, N.T. (1994) avrA and avrE in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato PT23 play a role in virulence on tomato plants. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 7 508-15.
- Macnab, R.M. (1996) Flagella and motility, in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular biology (eds. F.C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss, J.L. Ingraham, E.C.C. Lin, K.B. Low, B. Magasanik, W.S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter and H.E. Umbarger), American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington DC, pp. 123-45.
- Mansfield, J., Brown, I.R. and Maroofi, A. (1994) Bacterial pathogenicity and the plant response: ultrastructural, biochemical and physiological perspectives, in Biotechnology and Plant Protection (eds. D.D. Bills and S.-D. Kung), World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore.
- Marenda, M., Brito, B., Callard, D., Genin, S., Barberis, P., Boucher, C. and Arlat, M. (1998) PrhA controls a novel regulatory pathway required for the specific induction of Ralstonia solanacearum hrp genes in the presence of plant cells. Mol. Microbiol., 27 437-53.
- Martin, D.W., Holloway, B.W. and Deretic, V. (1993a) Characterization of a locus determining the mucoid status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: AlgU shows sequence similarities with a Bacillus sigma factor. J. Bacteriol., 175 1153-54.
- Martin, G.B., Brommonschenkel, S.H., Chunwongse, J., Frary, A., Ganal, M.W., Spivey, R., Wu, T., Earle, E.D. and Tanksley, S.D. (1993b) Map-based cloning of a protein kinase gene conferring disease resistance in tomato. Science, 262 1432-36.
- Meinhardt, L.W., Krishnan, H.B., Balatti, P.A. and Pueppke, S.G. (1993) Molecular cloning and characterization of a sym plasmid locus that regulates cultivar-specific nodulation of soybean by Rhizobium fredii USDA257. Mol. Microbiol., 9 17-29.
- Menard, R., Sansonetti, P. and Parsot, C. (1994) The secretion of the Shigella flexneri Ipa invasins is activated by epithelial cells and controlled by IpaB and IpaD. EMBO J., 13 5293-302.
- Menard, R., Dehio, C. and Sansonetti, P.J. (1996) Bacterial entry into epithelial cells: the paradigm of Shigella . Trends Microbiol., 4 220-26.
- Michiels, T., Vanooteghem, J.-C., Lambert de Rouvroit, C., China, B., Gustin, A., Boudry, P. and Cornelis, G.R. (1991) Analysis of virC, an operon involved in the secretion of Yop proteins by Yersinia enterocolitica . J. Bacteriol., 173 4994-5009.
- Mills, S.D., Boland, A., Sory, M.P., van der Smissen, P., Kerbourch, C., Finlay, B.B. and Cornelis, G.R. (1997) Yersinia enterocolitica induces apoptosis in macrophages by a process requiring functional type III secretion and translocation mechanisms and involving YopP, presumably acting as an effector protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94 12638-43.
- Mittal, S. and Davis, K.R. (1995) Role of the phytotoxin coronatine in the infection of Arabidopsis thaliana by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 165-71.
- Nasser, W., Condemine, G., Plentier, R., Anker, D. and Robert-Baudouy, J. (1991) Inducing properties of analogs of 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate on the expression of pectinase genes of Erwinia chrysanthemi . FEMS Microbiol. Letts., 65 73-78.
- Nasser, W., Bouillant, M.-L., Salmond, G. and Reverchon, S. (1998) Characterization of the Erwinia chrysanthemi expI-expR locus directing the synthesis of two N-acyl-homoserine lactone signal molecules. Mol. Microbiol., 29 1391-405.
- Nealson, K.H., Platt, T. and Hastings, J.W. (1970) Cellular control of the synthesis and activity of the bacterial luminescent system. J. Bacteriol., 104 313-22.
- Palmer, D.A. and Bender, C.L. (1995) Ultrastructure of tomato leaf tissue treated with the pseudomonad phytotoxin, coronatine, and comparison with methyl jasmonate. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 683-92.
- Parsot, C. (1994) Shigella flexneri: genetics of entry and intercellular dissemination in epithelial cells. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immunol., 192 217-41.
- Parsot, C., Menard, R., Gounon, P. and Sansonetti, P.J. (1995) Enhanced secretion through the Shigella flexneri Mxi-Spa translocon leads to assembly of extracellular proteins into macromolecular structures. Mol. Microbiol., 16 291-300.
- Persson, C., Nordfelth, R., Holmstrom, A., Hakansson, S., Rosqvist, R. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1995) Cell-surface-bound Yersinia translocate the protein tyrosine phosphatase, YopH, by a polarized mechanism into the target cell. Mol. Microbiol., 18 135-50.
- Pettersson, J., Nordfelth, R., Dubinina, E., Bergman, T., Gustafsson, M., Magnusson, K.E. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1996) Modulation of virulence factor expression by pathogen target cell contact. Science, 273 1231-33.
- Piper, K.R., Beck von Bodman, S. and Farrand, S.K. (1993) Conjugation factor of Agrobacterium tumefaciens regulates Ti plasmid transfer by autoinduction. Nature, 362 448-50.
- Pirhonen, M., Flego, D., Heikinheimo, R. and Palva, E.T. (1993) A small diffusible signal molecule is responsible for the global control of virulence and exoenzyme production in the plant pathogen, Erwinia carotovora . EMBO J., 12 2467-76.
- Pirhonen, M.U., Lidell, M.C., Rowley, D.L., Lee, S.W., Jin, S., Liang, Y., Silverstone, S., Keen, N.T. and Hutcheson, S.W. (1996) Phenotypic expression of Pseudomonas syringae avr genes in E. coli is linked to the activities of the hrp-encoded secretion system. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 9 252-60.
- Plano, G.V. and Straley, S.C. (1995) Mutations in yscC, yscD and yscG prevent high-level expression and secretion of V antigen and Yops in Yersinia pestis . J. Bacteriol., 177 3843-54.
- Plano, G.V., Barve, S.S. and Straley, S.C. (1991) LcrD, a membrane-bound regulator of the Yersinia pestis low-calcium response. J. Bacteriol., 173 7293-303.
- Preston, G., Huang, H.C., He, S.Y. and Collmer, A. (1995) The HrpZ proteins of Pseudomonas syringae pvs. syringae, glycinea and tomato are encoded by an operon containing Yersinia ysc homologs and elicit the hypersensitive response in tomato but not soybean. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 717-32.
- Pugsley, A.P. (1993) The complete general secretory pathway in Gram-negative bacteria. Microbiol. Rev., 57 50-108.
- Rahme, L.G., Mindrinos, M.N. and Panopoulos, N.J. (1991) Genetic and transcriptional organization of the hrp cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (published erratum appears in J. Bacteriol. (1992) 174 3840). J. Bacteriol., 173 575-86.
- Rahme, L.G., Mindrinos, M.N. and Panopoulos, N.J. (1992) Plant and environmental sensory signals control the expression of hrp genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola . J. Bacteriol., 174 3499-507.
- Reverchon, S., Bouillant, M.-L., Salmond, G. and Nasser, W. (1998) Integration of the quorum-sensing system in the regulatory networks controlling virulence factor synthesis in Erwinia chrysanthemi . Mol. Microbiol., 29 1407-18.
- Ried, J.L. and Collmer, A. (1986) Comparison of pectic enzymes produced by Erwinia chrysanthemi, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica . Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 52 305-10.
-
Ried, J.L. and Collmer, A. (1988) Construction and characterization of an Erwinia chrysanthemi mutant with directed deletion in all of the pectate lyase structural genes. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 1
32-38.
10.1094/MPMI-1-032 Google Scholar
- Ritter, C. and Dangl, J.L. (1995) The avrRpm1 gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola is required for virulence on Arabidopsis . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 8 444-53.
- Roine, E., Wei, W., Yuan, J., Nurmiaho-Lassila, E.L., Kalkkinen, N., Romantschuk, M. and He, S.Y. (1997) Hrp pilus: an hrp-dependent bacterial surface appendage produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94 3459-64.
- Rommens, C.M., Salmeron, J.M., Baulcombe, D.C. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1995) Use of a gene expression system based on potato virus X to rapidly identify and characterize a tomato Pto homolog that controls fenthion sensitivity. Plant Cell, 7 249-57.
- Rosqvist, R., Forsberg, A., Rimpilainen, M., Bergman, T. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1990) The cytotoxic protein, YopE, of Yersinia obstructs the primary host defence. Mol. Microbiol., 4 657-67.
- Rosqvist, R., Forsberg, A. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1991) Intracellular targeting of the Yersinia YopE cytotoxin in mammalian cells induces actin microfilament disruption. Infect. Immun., 59 4562-69.
-
Rosqvist, R., Magnusson, K.E. and Wolf-Watz, H. (1994) Target cell contact triggers expression and polarized transfer of Yersinia YopE cytotoxin into mammalian cells. EMBO J., 1390
964-72.
10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06341.x Google Scholar
- Russel, M. (1994) Phage assembly: a paradigm for bacterial virulence factor export? Science, 265 612-14.
- Ryan, C.L. and Farmer, E.E. (1991) Oligosaccharide signals in plants: a current assessment. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 42 651-74.
- Sakai, T., Sasakawa, C. and Yoshikawa, M. (1988) Expression of four virulence antigens of Shigella flexneri is positively regulated at the transcriptional level by the 30-kDa VirF protein. Mol. Microbiol., 2 589-97.
- Salmeron, J.M. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1993) Molecular characterization and hrp dependence of the avirulence gene, avrPto, from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato . Mol. Gen. Genet., 239 6-16.
- Salmond, G.P.C. (1994) Secretion of extracellular virulence factors by plant pathogenic bacteria. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 32 181-200.
- Sasakawa, C., Komatsu, K., Tobe, T., Suzuki, T, and Yoshikawa, M. (1993) Eight genes in region 5 that form an operon are essential for invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri 2a. J. Bacteriol., 175 2334-46.
- Schulte, R. and Bonas, U. (1992) A Xanthomonas pathogenicity locus is induced by sucrose and sulfur-containing amino acids. Plant Cell, 4 79-86.
- Scofield, S.R., Tobias, C.M., Rathjen, J.P., Chang, J.H., Lavelle, D.T., Michelmore, R.W. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1996) Molecular basis of gene-for-gene specificity in bacterial speck disease of tomato. Science, 274 2063-65.
- Shen, H. and Keen, N.T. (1993) Characterization of the promoter of avirulence gene D from Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato . J. Bacteriol., 175 5916-24.
- Sheng, J. and Citovsky, V. (1996) Agrobacterium-plant cell DNA transport: have virulence proteins, will travel. Plant Cell, 8 1699-710.
- Shevchik, V.E., Robert-Baudouy, J. and Condemine, G. (1997) Specific interaction between OutD, an Erwinia chrysanthemi outer membrane protein of the general secretory pathway, and secreted proteins. EMBO J., 16 3007-16.
- Shirasu, K., Koukolikova-Nicola, Z., Hohn, B. and Kado, C.I. (1994) An inner-membrane-associated virulence protein essential for T-DNA transfer from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plants exhibits ATPase activity and similarities to conjugative transfer genes. Mol. Microbiol., 11 581-88.
- Shurvinton, C.E., Hodges, L. and Ream, W. (1992) A nuclear localization signal and the C-terminal omega sequence in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirD2 endonuclease are important for tumor formation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89 11837-41.
- Sory, M,P. and Cornelis, G.R. (1994) Translocation of a hybrid YopE-adenylate cyclase from Yersinia enterocolitica into HeLa cells. Mol. Microbiol., 14 583-94.
- Sory, M.P., Boland, A., Lambermont, I. and Cornelis, G.R. (1995) Identification of the YopE and YopH domains required for secretion and internalization into the cytosol of macrophages, using the cyaA gene fusion approach. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92 11998-2002.
- Stachel, S.E., Timmerman, B. and Zambryski, P. (1986) Generation of single-stranded T-DNA molecules during the initial stages of T-DNA transfer for Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells. Nature, 322 706-12.
-
Steinberger, E.M. and Beer, S.V. (1988) Creation and complementation of pathogenicity mutants of Erwinia amylovora
. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 1
135-44.
10.1094/MPMI-1-135 Google Scholar
- Stevens, C., Bennett, M.A., Athanassopoulos, E., Tsiamis, G., Taylor, J.D. and Mansfield, J.W. (1998) Sequence variations in alleles of the avirulence gene, avrPphE.R2, from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola lead to loss of recognition of the AvrPphE protein within bean cells and gain in cultivar specific virulence. Mol. Microbiol., 29 165-77.
- Swarup, S., Yang, Y., Kingsley, M.T. and Gabriel, D.W. (1992) An Xanthomonas citri pathogenicity gene, pthA, pleiotropically encodes gratuitous avirulence on non-hosts. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 5 204-13.
- Swords, K.M.M., Dahlbeck, D., Kearney, B., Roy, M. and Staskawicz, B.J. (1996) Spontaneous and induced mutations in a single open reading frame alter both virulence and avirulence in Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria avrBs2 . J. Bacteriol., 178 4661-69.
- Tang, X., Frederick, R.D., Zhou, J., Halterman, D.A., Jia, Y. and Martin, G.B. (1996) Initiation of plant disease resistance by physical interaction of AvrPto and Pto kinase. Science, 274 2060-63.
- Thurn, K.K. and Chatterjee, A.K. (1985) Single-site chromosomal Tn5 insertions affect the export of pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes in Erwinia chrysanthemi EC16. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 50 894-98.
- van den Ackerveken, G., Marois, E. and Bonas, U. (1996) Recognition of the bacterial avirulence protein, AvrBs3, occurs inside the host plant cell. Cell, 87 1307-16.
- van Gijsegem, F., Gough, C., Zischek, C., Niqueux, E., Arlat, M., Genin, S., Barberis, P., German, S., Castello, P. and Boucher, C. (1995) The hrp gene locus of Pseudomonas solanacearum, which controls the production of a type III secretion system, encodes eight proteins related to components of the bacterial flagellar biogenesis complex. Mol. Microbiol., 15 1095-114.
- Walters, K., Maroofi, A., Hitchin, E. and Mansfield, J. (1990) Gene for pathogenicity and ability to cause hypersensitive reaction cloned from Erwinia amylovora . Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 36 509-21.
- Walker, J.E., Saraste, M., Runswick, M.J. and Gay, N.J. (1982) Distantly-related sequences in the α- and β-subunits of ATP synthase, myosin, kinases and other ATP-requiring enzymes and a common nucleotide binding fold. EMBO J., 1 945-51.
- Walton, J.D. (1996) Host-selective toxins: agents of compatibility. Plant Cell, 8 1723-33.
- Wandersman, C. (1996) Secretion across the bacterial outer membrane, in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: Cellular and Molecular Biology (eds. F.C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss, J.L. Ingraham, E.C.C. Lin, K.B. Low, B. Magasanik, W.S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter and H.E. Umbarger), American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington DC, pp. 955-65.
- Watarai, M., Tobe, T., Yoshikawa, M. and Sasakawa, C. (1995) Contact of Shigella with host cells triggers release of Ipa invasins and is an essential function of invasiveness. EMBO J., 14 2461-70.
- Wei, Z.M., Laby, R.J., Zumoff, C.H., Bauer, D.W., He, S.Y., Collmer, A. and Beer, S.V. (1992a) Harpin, elicitor of the hypersensitive response produced by the plant pathogen, Erwinia amylovora . Science, 257 85-88.
- Wei, Z.M., Sneath, B.J. and Beer, S.V. (1992b) Expression of Erwinia amylovora hrp genes in response to environmental stimuli. J. Bacteriol., 174 1875-82.
- Weiler, E.W., Kutchan, T.M., Gorba, T., Brodschelm, W., Niesel, U. and Bublitz, F. (1994) The Pseudomonas phytotoxin, coronatine, mimics octadecanoid signalling molecules of higher plants (published erratum appears in FEBS Lett (1994) 349 317). FEBS Lett., 345 9-13.
- Weiss, A.A., Johnson, F.D. and Burns, D.L. (1993) Molecular characterization of an operon required for Pertussis toxin secretion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90 2970-74.
- Wengelnik, K. and Bonas, U. (1996) HrpXv, an AraC-type regulator, activates expression of five out of six loci in the hrp cluster of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria . J. Bacteriol., 178 3462-69.
- Wengelnik, K., Marie, C., Russel, M. and Bonas, U. (1996a) Expression and localization of HrpA1, a protein of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria essential for pathogenicity and induction of the hypersensitive reaction. J. Bacteriol., 178 1061-69.
- Wengelnik, K., van den Ackerveken, G. and Bonas, U. (1996b) HrpG, a key hrp regulatory protein of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is homologous to two-component response regulators. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 9 704-12.
- Willis, D.K., Barta, T.M. and Kinscherf, T.G. (1991) Genetics of toxin production and resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria. Experientia, 47 765-71.
- Winans, S.C., Mantis, N.J., Chen, C.Y., Chang, C.H. and Han, D.C. (1994) Host recognition by the VirA, VirG two-component regulatory proteins of Agrobacterium tumefaciens . Res. Microbiol., 145 461-73.
- Woestyn, S., Allaoui, A., Wattiau, P. and Cornelis, G.R. (1994) YscN, the putative energizer of the Yersinia Yop secretion machinery. J. Bacteriol., 176 1561-69.
- Wolff, C., Nisan, I., Hanski, E., Frankel, G. and Rosenshine, I. (1998) Protein translocation into host epithelial cells by infecting enteropathogenic Escherichia coli . Mol. Microbiol., 28 143-55.
- Wood, M.W., Rosqvist, R., Mullan, P.B., Edwards, M.H. and Galyov, E.E. (1996) SopE, a secreted protein of Salmonella dublin, is translocated into the target eukaryotic cell via a sip-dependent mechanism and promotes bacterial entry. Mol. Microbiol., 22 327-38.
- Xiao, Y., Lu, Y., Heu, S. and Hutcheson, S.W. (1992) Organization and environmental regulation of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 hrp cluster. J. Bacteriol., 174 1734-41.
- Xiao, Y., Heu, S., Yi, J., Lu, Y. and Hutcheson, S.W. (1994) Identification of a putative alternate sigma factor and characterization of a multicomponent regulatory cascade controlling the expression of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Pss61 hrp and hrmA genes. J. Bacteriol., 176 1025-36.
- Young, S.A., White, F.F., Hopkins, C.M. and Leach, J.E. (1994) AvrXa10 protein is in the cytoplasm of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae . Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact., 7 799-804.
- Zhou, J., Tang, X. and Martin, G.B. (1997) The Pto kinase conferring resistance to tomato bacterial speck disease interacts with proteins that bind a cis-element of pathogenesis-related genes. EMBO J., 16 3207-18.
- Zierler, M.K. and Galan, J.E. (1995) Contact with cultured epithelial cells stimulates secretion of Salmonella typhimurium invasion protein, InvJ. Infect. Immun., 63 4024-48.
Browse other articles of this reference work: