Tropical ulcer (TU) is a synergistic bacterial infection caused by Bacillus fusiformis and Treponema spp. A high prevalence of TU is recorded in Africa, South-East Asia and South America. Current trends show a declining prevalence owing to better awareness of environmental and personal hygiene, health education and availability of effective antimicrobial treatment. Aetiological factors include minor, superficial trauma to skin, exposure to muddy water, poor hygiene and malnutrition. Clinically TU begins as a vesicle/pustule at the site of trauma most occur on the lower leg) followed by ulceration with perilesional oedema, purulent discharge and pain. Untreated, the ulcer shows necrotic slough and invasion of deeper subcutaneous tissues, fascia and bone. Histopathology is necessary to exclude malignancy in the chronic stage. Complications include septicaemia, osteomyelitis, contractures and squamous cell carcinoma development. Treatment includes local cleaning with soap and water/hydrogen peroxide, nonadherent antiseptic dressings, penicillin/macrolide antibiotics, metronidazole and, if necessary, skin grafting.