Chapter 61
Metabolic Evaluation and Prevention of Kidney Stone Disease
Neera K Dahl,
David S Goldfarb,
Neera K Dahl
Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid S Goldfarb
Nephrology Section, New York Harbor VA Medical Center, and Nephrology Division, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Search for more papers by this authorNeera K Dahl,
David S Goldfarb,
Neera K Dahl
Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid S Goldfarb
Nephrology Section, New York Harbor VA Medical Center, and Nephrology Division, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Jonathan C. Craig MBChB, DipCH, MMed(Clin Epi), PhD, FAHMS,
Donald A. Molony MD,
Giovanni F.M. Strippoli MD, PhD, MPH, MM (Epi),
Jonathan C. Craig MBChB, DipCH, MMed(Clin Epi), PhD, FAHMS
Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor Vice President and Executive Dean
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDonald A. Molony MD
Professor of Medicine Distinguished Teaching Professor of the University of Texas System
Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension AND Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni F.M. Strippoli MD, PhD, MPH, MM (Epi)
Professor of Nephrology Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – University of Bari, Bari, Italy
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 18 November 2022
Summary
Insights from genetics, understanding of microbiota, and an appreciation of the "exposome," the accumulation of environmental exposures during a lifetime, are contributing to our understanding of kidney stone disease as a chronic metabolic condition marked by acute episodes. This chapter focuses on the evaluation of stone formers and the measures taken to prevent stone recurrence. It covers the urologic aspects of stone disease, including the differential diagnosis of renal colic, the management of renal colic, and surgical management of ureteral stones. Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of kidney stones. Kidney stones are the result of both genetic and environmental risk factors. Drinking an adequate amount of fluid to maintain a higher urine output is the single most important preventive measure for most stones. The chapter outlines the current state of the art for evidence-based management of calcium-containing stones.
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