Chapter 2
The Surveillance and Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease
Chaisiri Angkurawaranon,
Dorothea Nitsch,
Ben Caplin,
Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorDorothea Nitsch
Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorBen Caplin
Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorChaisiri Angkurawaranon,
Dorothea Nitsch,
Ben Caplin,
Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Search for more papers by this authorDorothea Nitsch
Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorBen Caplin
Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Jonathan C. Craig MBChB, DipCH, MMed(Clin Epi), PhD, FAHMS,
Donald A. Molony MD,
Giovanni F.M. Strippoli MD, PhD, MPH, MM (Epi),
Jonathan C. Craig MBChB, DipCH, MMed(Clin Epi), PhD, FAHMS
Matthew Flinders Distinguished Professor Vice President and Executive Dean
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDonald A. Molony MD
Professor of Medicine Distinguished Teaching Professor of the University of Texas System
Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension AND Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGiovanni F.M. Strippoli MD, PhD, MPH, MM (Epi)
Professor of Nephrology Adjunct Professor of Epidemiology
Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – University of Bari, Bari, Italy
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 18 November 2022
Summary
In terms of chronic kidney disease (CKD), surveillance refers to activities aimed at providing key information on the burden of, and risk factors for, CKD with a view to reducing variation in, and improving the quality of, care processes and health outcomes associated with the condition. Surveillance systems are generally divided into passive and active approaches. Any form of CKD surveillance should provide meaningful data as to whether burden of disease is increasing, decreasing, or stable in a population and many outputs can also be used to detect differences between populations. With all approaches based on the testing of renal biomarkers, it is also important to consider the issues surrounding laboratory calibration and external quality assurance which can be the source of substantial measurement error. Population-based surveys provide the gold-standard for assessing the prevalence of CKD.
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