Chapter 9

Advanced Gastrointestinal Ultrasound

Identifying Appendicitis, Pneumoperitoneum, Intussusception and Diverticulitis

First published: 14 July 2017

Summary

With the increasing role of point-of-care ultrasound in emergency medicine, a growing number of gastrointestinal sonography applications are now taught and practised in emergency departments. Some of those advanced ultrasound indications are the detection of acute appendicitis, visualising free air in patients presenting with symptoms of acute abdomen, or diverticulitis for adult and intussusception for paediatric patients. Both computed tomography (CT) and even magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more sensitive diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The anatomic location of the appendix is usually found in the right iliac fossa at the junction of the terminal ileum and proximal caecum. Intussusception is rare in adults and common in children. It occurs when a portion of the intestine invaginates into an adjacent bowel segment. The most common site of intussusception is ileocaecal. A diverticulum is an outpouching of weak intestinal wall areas in the large bowel.

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