Ventilation is paramount in the care of critically ill patients, and airway management is one of the tenets of emergency and critical care medicine. Ultrasound provides a portable, non-invasive and inexpensive method for both static and real-time assessment of the airway before, during and after intubation. Ultrasonography can be used for real-time or dynamic guidance, following each step of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement. Identifying the absence of an oesophageal intubation can serve as an excellent indirect means of confirming tracheal placement of the ETT. Sliding lung sign (SLS) can be used as another indirect indicator for the correct placement of the ETT. Ideal ETT placement should result in an equal bilateral movement of the diaphragm with ventilation. The sonographer assesses for equal bilateral movement of the diaphragm by using a phasedarray (5-2 MHz) transducer in the mid-upper abdomen, directly beneath the xiphoid process, for bilateral scanning of the diaphragm.