Burkholderia †,‡
Proteobacteria
Betaproteobacteria
Burkholderiales
Burkholderiaceae
Peter Vandamme,
Leo Eberl,
Peter Vandamme
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorLeo Eberl
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Vandamme,
Leo Eberl,
Peter Vandamme
Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorLeo Eberl
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Search for more papers by this author†
‡
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey's Manual Trust.
§
Update based on the original article by Palleroni, N. J in Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., in association with Bergey's Manual Trust. ©2015, Bergey's Manual Trust.
Abstract
Burk.hol.de'ri.a. N.L. fem. n. Burkholderia named after W. H. Burkholder, American bacteriologist who discovered the etiological agent of onion rot.
Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Burkholderiaceae / Burkholderia
The genus Burkholderia now groups more than 100 species with extraordinary metabolic capacities, and which occupy a bewildering array of ecological niches. The sources from which Burkholderia species have been isolated are manifold, but the accumulated evidence suggests that soil, where Burkholderia can be associated with a wide range of plants and fungi, is its natural habitat. The genus comprises two class-3 pathogens, Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei, but a growing number of Burkholderia species has been reported as opportunistic pathogens in humans. Burkholderia bacteria appear to have a predilection for the respiratory tract as life-threatening lung infections occur in individuals with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease, and in patients requiring mechanical ventilation.
Burkholderia bacteria have rightfully been referred to as both friend and foe to humans. While the first Burkholderia species were primarily known as plant, human, and animal pathogens, subsequent studies revealed their biotechnological potential for plant growth promotion, biocontrol of various plant pests, and bioremediation. Because of this wide interest, an unusual number of whole-genome sequences has become available, yet generally failed to reveal the difference between good or bad, or alternatively, biotechnologically safe or unsafe, species or strains. The phylogenetic diversity within this genus was recently used as an argument to reclassify the large majority of Burkholderia species into Burkholderia sensu stricto and the novel genera Caballeronia, Paraburkholderia, and Robbsia. Except for the latter, each of genera consists of environmental species of which a growing number is reported to cause infections in humans.
DNA G + C content (mol%): 64–69.
Type species: Burkholderia cepacia (Palleroni and Holmes 1981) Yabuuchi, Kosako, Oyaizu, Yano, Hotta, Hashimoto, Ezaki and Arakawa 1993, 398VP (Effective publication: Yabuuchi, Kosako, Oyaizu, Yano, Hotta, Hashimoto, Ezaki and Arakawa 1992, 1271) (Pseudomonas cepacia Palleroni and Holmes 1981, 479).
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