The “Green Revolution” (GR) was a set of agricultural development programs in the global South after 1945. Devised by US foundations and Western governments, their aim was to alleviate poverty and hunger by increasing food production. Although welcomed by many Southern governments, by 1970 it had become apparent that although the GR had raised production substantially, its impact on poverty was modest. From the 1970s, accordingly, both GR policy and GR research paid more attention to the social consequences of the programs, attempting to tailor them more closely to the needs of the rural poor. Since the mid-2000s, numerous figures in the development community have called for a “new GR” whose improved crop varieties will need to be bred using biotechnology. Only in this way, they argue, can food production keep up with projected population growth in the South.