The term “ethnoscience” describes a methodology and a field of substantive investigation. As a methodology, ethnoscience refers to research protocols that developed within US ethnosemantics of the 1960s, in which the objective was to use strict elicitation techniques to produce a “cultural grammar.” In its second sense, ethnoscience refers to the study of those folk cultural domains that approximate the various exact sciences, particularly with respect to environmental knowledge (e.g., ethnobotany). It has been at the forefront of debates about the relevance of “indigenous knowledge” for development.