Chapter 20

Metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species in children and adults

William E. Winter

William E. Winter

Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

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Janet H. Silverstein

Janet H. Silverstein

Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA

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First published: 29 January 2016

Summary

The metabolic syndrome is just as much a pediatric disease as it is a disease of adults. This chapter first defines and recognizes the metabolic syndrome, and relates insulin resistance to the pathologies of the metabolic syndrome. Next, it explains how hyperinsulinism causes component disorders of the metabolic syndrome. The chapter provides a clarification of how relative insulinopenia causes component disorders of the metabolic syndrome. It helps the reader to inter-relate decreased insulin action and hyperglycemia, and also the development of a prooxidant state. Type 1 diabetes results from absolute insulinopenia, whereas type 2 diabetes results from insulin resistance and relative insulinopenia. The consequences of insulin resistance result from (i) the direct consequences of hyperinsulinism (as an attempted physiologic compensation for insulin resistance) or (ii) inadequate insulinization (e.g., decreased insulin action) despite hyperinsulinism.

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