Metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and reactive oxygen species in children and adults
William E. Winter
Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJanet H. Silverstein
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam E. Winter
Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJanet H. Silverstein
Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDonald Armstrong
Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRobert D. Stratton
Department of Ophthamology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, US
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The metabolic syndrome is just as much a pediatric disease as it is a disease of adults. This chapter first defines and recognizes the metabolic syndrome, and relates insulin resistance to the pathologies of the metabolic syndrome. Next, it explains how hyperinsulinism causes component disorders of the metabolic syndrome. The chapter provides a clarification of how relative insulinopenia causes component disorders of the metabolic syndrome. It helps the reader to inter-relate decreased insulin action and hyperglycemia, and also the development of a prooxidant state. Type 1 diabetes results from absolute insulinopenia, whereas type 2 diabetes results from insulin resistance and relative insulinopenia. The consequences of insulin resistance result from (i) the direct consequences of hyperinsulinism (as an attempted physiologic compensation for insulin resistance) or (ii) inadequate insulinization (e.g., decreased insulin action) despite hyperinsulinism.
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