Congenital ear anomalies
Sabrina Cugno
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorNeil W. Bulstrode
Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorSabrina Cugno
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorNeil W. Bulstrode
Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorRoss D. Farhadieh BSc(Med)Hons, MBBS, MD, EBOPRASF, FRACS(Plast), FRCS(Plast)
Panthea Plastic Surgery Clinics, Sydney and Canberra, Australia and Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorNeil W. Bulstrode BSc(Med)Hons, MBBS, MD, FRCS(Plast)
Clinical Lead Plastic Surgery
Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorSabrina Cugno MD, MSc, FRCSC
Assistant Professor
McGill University, Department of Plastic Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The intricate contours of the external ear are attributed to delicate elastic cartilage covered with a thin layer of subcutaneous tissue and skin. The development of the ear begins during the fifth week of gestation, with fusion of six tubercles on the mandibular and hyoid arches, and is usually complete by the fourth month of gestation. Aberration of this process may result in a number of auricular defects, including prominent ear, Stahl's ear, cryptotia, constricted ear, microtia or anotia. The latter two auricular abnormalities may occur in isolation or present as a component of more complex craniofacial disorders, namely the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. This chapter will outline the anatomic features of these ear anomalies, their underlying aetiology and proposed correction.
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