Chapter 19

Congenital ear anomalies

Sabrina Cugno

Sabrina Cugno

Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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Neil W. Bulstrode

Neil W. Bulstrode

Department of Plastic Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK

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First published: 27 March 2015
Citations: 1

Summary

The intricate contours of the external ear are attributed to delicate elastic cartilage covered with a thin layer of subcutaneous tissue and skin. The development of the ear begins during the fifth week of gestation, with fusion of six tubercles on the mandibular and hyoid arches, and is usually complete by the fourth month of gestation. Aberration of this process may result in a number of auricular defects, including prominent ear, Stahl's ear, cryptotia, constricted ear, microtia or anotia. The latter two auricular abnormalities may occur in isolation or present as a component of more complex craniofacial disorders, namely the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum. This chapter will outline the anatomic features of these ear anomalies, their underlying aetiology and proposed correction.

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