Camille Arambourg (1885–1969) was a French paleontologist and Professor at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. A field scientist, Arambourg worked extensively in the Maghreb but also in Ethiopia in the early 1930s and the late 1960s. He amassed huge collections of fossil vertebrates, including a significant number of hominins (Australopithecus and early species of the genus Homo). His classic synthesis on human evolution, La Genèse de l'Humanité, was translated into many languages.