Chapter 24
Electrolyte Secretion and Absorption in the Small Intestine and Colon
Book Editor(s):Daniel K. Podolsky MD,
Michael Camilleri MD,
J. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD,
Anthony N. Kalloo MD,
Fergus Shanahan MD,
Timothy C. Wang MD,
Daniel K. Podolsky MD
President, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Camilleri MD
Executive Dean for Development, Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor, Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Distinguished Investigator, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD
Executive Vice President for Academic Aff airs and Provost, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dean, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony N. Kalloo MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Director, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFergus Shanahan MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy C. Wang MD
Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The balance between absorption and secretion must therefore be closely regulated. Both the small intestine and colon have a reserve capacity for absorption, but if this is exceeded, or if absorption is inhibited and/or secretion is stimulated excessively, diarrhea results. Fluid movement into and out of the intestinal lumen depends on the active secretion and absorption of electrolytes. The primary functions of the intestinal epithelium are to act as a barrier that prevents the uptake of harmful substances from the intestinal contents, and to transport fluids, nutrients, and electrolytes into and out of the gut. Substances may traverse the intestinal epithelium by multiple routes. The functional polarity of epithelial cells is the basis for this net movement of electrolytes. Molecular information about transporters and their regulation has provided insights into the diarrheal symptoms that accompany complex, not strictly genetic, disorders, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and enteric infections.
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