Motility of the Biliary Tract
Gary M. Mawe
University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBrigitte Lavoie
University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPeter L. Moses
University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorGary M. Mawe
University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBrigitte Lavoie
University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorPeter L. Moses
University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel K. Podolsky MD
President, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Camilleri MD
Executive Dean for Development, Atherton and Winifred W. Bean Professor, Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Distinguished Investigator, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Gregory Fitz MD FAASLD
Executive Vice President for Academic Aff airs and Provost, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dean, Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony N. Kalloo MD
Professor of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Director, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFergus Shanahan MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Medicine, Director, Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
Search for more papers by this authorTimothy C. Wang MD
Chief, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Silberberg Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Irving Cancer Research Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge of biliary tract motor activity and its regulation. As motility primarily involves the activities of two cell types, neurons and smooth muscle, the chapter also provides a summary of the basic physiology of the nerves and smooth muscle in the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi (SO) with clinical correlations provided whenever possible. Determination of the cellular mechanisms that are responsible for gallbladder motility in health and disease is difficult in humans; therefore, much of what is known about the structure and function of gallbladder neurons and smooth muscle is derived from animal studies. The chapter describes how the nerves and smooth muscle of these organs function during the bile retention and bile flow phases of the feeding cycle. It examines what is currently known about the roles of nerves and smooth muscle in the biliary tract under pathophysiological conditions.
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