Chapter 5
Exosomes: A Valuable Biomedical Tool in Biomarker Discovery and Development
Jocelyn Lee,
Sharmistha Ghosh,
Sudhir Srivastava,
Jocelyn Lee
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSharmistha Ghosh
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSudhir Srivastava
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJocelyn Lee,
Sharmistha Ghosh,
Sudhir Srivastava,
Jocelyn Lee
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSharmistha Ghosh
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, Rockville, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSudhir Srivastava
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBook Editor(s):Sudhir Srivastava Ph.D, MPH,
Sudhir Srivastava Ph.D, MPH
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This chapter highlights the advancements in exosome research, with particular focus on the potential use of exosomes as a source of enriched biomarkers (e.g., RNA and protein biomarkers), and their clinical utilization as a noninvasive biomedical tool for diagnostic purposes. Several miRNAs with high expression levels in cancer tissues have been reported as suitable diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Exosomes have recently been extensively studied because of their possible role in immune modulation as well as in tumor growth and progression. Based on decades of data, exosomes are characterized by their size, extracellular membrane components, and the cell surface markers. Over the past decade, extensive analysis and cataloging of the proteomic profiles of exosomes have shed new light on their molecular components, as well as their diagnostic potential as cancer biomarkers. New technologies, including improvements in mass spectrometric analysis and methods of exosomal purification and isolation, have fostered extensive proteomic analyses of exosomes and other microvesicles.
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