VP-ellipsis (VPE) refers to the phenomenon whereby the main predicate of the clause – typically in combination with its internal arguments – is missing. VPE has drawn the interest of generative syntacticians from the very early days onward and continues to be a thriving subfield of the theoretical literature on ellipsis to this day. This SynCom Case highlights the most important theoretical questions and accompanying data surrounding VPE. It approaches the phenomenon from four different angles: the presence or absence of unpronounced syntactic structure inside the ellipsis site, the si ze of the ellipsis site, the recoverability requirement on the ellipsis process, and the licensing environments of VPE. While the early decades focused mostly on “standard” cases of VPE in English finite clauses, recent years have seen an influx of new data from a wide range of languages and language varieties other than standard English. The introduction of these new facts has in many cases led to a reconsideration of earlier theoretical approaches to VPE and has raised several new puzzles and open questions.