Hate Movements

James Hawdon

James Hawdon

Virginia Tech, USA

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Matthew Costello

Matthew Costello

Clemson University, USA

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First published: 27 September 2022

Abstract

Hate movements are social movements focused on the hatred of some trait, characteristic, belief, or behavior. More specifically, hate movements express the hatred of something about some collective. Although they can be from the political left, they are more likely to be right-wing or rightist. Hate movements tend to be known more for what they oppose than what they promote. Recognized groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, skinheads, and neo-Nazis are examples of organized hate movements; however, hate movements can be decentralized and void of formal structure or identifiable leaders. These less structured hate movements involve loosely affiliated or even unaffiliated individuals who adhere to the movement's core ideology that professes attitudes that devalue others because of their religion, race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, sexual identity, national origin, political orientation; or some other characteristic that defines a group.

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