Cumulative Risk Assessment for Environmental Hazards
Abstract
Humans and ecosystems face combined threats from exposures to numerous biological, chemical, physical, and psychosocial stressors in the environment. Cumulative risk assessment is a tool for organizing and analyzing information about combined adverse effects from collective exposure to multiple environmental stressors across all relevant sources, pathways, and routes. The process involves three interrelated phases: planning, scoping, and problem formulation; data analysis; and interpretation and risk characterization. Although in its infancy, cumulative risk assessment promises, over time, to provide decision makers with more realistic answers to pressing environmental questions.