This chapter contains sections titled:

• Microfabrication of Photonic Crystals by Ultrafast Lasers

  • Nonlinear Absorption of Spatially Nonuniform Laser Fields

  • Mechanisms of Photomodification

• Photonic Crystals Obtained by Direct Laser Writing

  • Fabrication by Optical Damage in Inorganic Glasses

  • Fabrication by Optical Damage in Organic Glasses

  • Lithography by Two-photon Solidification in Photo-curing Resins

  • Lithography in Organic Photoresists

    • Structures with Woodpile Architecture

    • Structures with Spiral Architecture

• Lithography by Multiple-beam Interference

  • Generation of Periodic Light Intensity Patterns

  • Practical Implementation of Multiple-beam Interference Lithography

  • Lithographic Recording of Periodic Structures by Multiple-beam Interference

    • Two-dimensional Structures

    • Three-dimensional Structures

• Conclusions