Metabolism of Natural Polymeric Sulfur Compounds
Part 9. Miscellaneous Biopolymers and Biodegradation of Polymers
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Christiane Dahl,
Dr. Alexander Prange,
Prof. Dr. Ralf Steudel,
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Christiane Dahl
- [email protected]
- +49-228-732119 | Fax: +49-228-737576
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Meckenheimer Allee 168, Bonn, Germany, D-53115
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Alexander Prange
- [email protected]
- +49-228-735591 | Fax: +49-228-737576
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Meckenheimer Allee 168, Bonn, Germany, D-53115
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Ralf Steudel
- [email protected]
- +49-30-31422707 | Fax: +49-30-31426519
Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, Germany, D-10623
Search for more papers by this authorPriv.-Doz. Dr. Christiane Dahl,
Dr. Alexander Prange,
Prof. Dr. Ralf Steudel,
Priv.-Doz. Dr. Christiane Dahl
- [email protected]
- +49-228-732119 | Fax: +49-228-737576
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Meckenheimer Allee 168, Bonn, Germany, D-53115
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Alexander Prange
- [email protected]
- +49-228-735591 | Fax: +49-228-737576
Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Meckenheimer Allee 168, Bonn, Germany, D-53115
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Ralf Steudel
- [email protected]
- +49-30-31422707 | Fax: +49-30-31426519
Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Berlin, Germany, D-10623
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
- Introduction
- Historical Outline
- Chemical Structures
- Hydrogen Sulfide and Inorganic Polysulfides
- Chemistry, Structures and Characterization
- Occurrence
- Metabolism under Oxidative Conditions
- Metabolism under Reductive Conditions
- Elemental and Biologically Produced Sulfur
- Chemistry, Structures and Characterization
- Solid Sulfur
- Liquid and Gaseous Sulfur
- Sulfur Sols
- Bacterial Sulfur Globules
- Occurrence
- Metabolism under Oxidative Conditions
- Metabolism under Reductive Conditions
- Chemistry, Structures and Characterization
- Polythionates
- Chemistry, Structures and Characterization
- Occurrence
- Metabolism under Oxidative Conditions
- Tetrathionate Formation
- Tetrathionate Oxidation
- Trithionate and Other Polythionates
- Metabolism under Reductive Conditions
- Organic Polysulfanes
- Chemistry, Structures and Characterization
- Occurrence
- Metabolism under Oxidative Conditions
- Metabolism under Reductive Conditions
- Summary
- Outlook and Perspectives
- Patents
References
- Barbosa-Jefferson, V. L., Zhao, F. J., McGrath, S. P., Magan, N. (1998) Thiosulfate and tetrathionate oxidation in arable soils, Soil Biol. Biochem. 30, 553–559.
- Barrett, E. L., Clark, M. A. (1987) Tetrathionate reduction and production of hydrogen sulfide from thiosulfate, Microbiol. Rev. 51, 192–205.
- Bavendamm, W. (1924) Die farblosen und roten Schwefelbakterien des Süß- und Salzwassers. in: Pflanzenforschung (2) (Kolkwitz, R., Ed.), Jena: Verlag G. Fischer, 1–156.
- Beffa, T., Berczy, M., Aragno, M. (1992) Inhibition of respiratory oxidation of elemental sulfur (S0) and thiosulfate in Thiobacillus versutus and another sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 90, 123–128.
- Beggiato, F. S. (1838) Memoria della terme Euganee, Padua.
- Beijerinck, M. W. (1895) Über Spirillum desulfuricans als Ursache von Sulfatreduktion, Centralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. I Orig. 1, 1–9, 49–59, 104–114.
- Beijerinck, M. W. (1904a) Ueber die Bakterien, welche sich im Dunkeln mit Kohlensäure als Kohlenstoffquelle ernähren können, Centralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Abt. II 11, 593–599.
- Beijerinck, M. W. (1904b) Phénomènes de réduction par les microbes, Arch. Neer. Sci. (Sect. 2) 9, 131–157.
- Berger, C., Khan, J. A., Molimard, P., Martin, N., Spinnler, H. E. (1999) Production of sulfur flavors by ten strains of Geotrichium candidum, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 5510–5514.
- Blais, J. F., Tyagi, R. D., Meunier, N., Auclair, J. C. (1994) The production of extracellular appendages during bacterial colonization of elemental sulphur, Proc. Biochem. 29, 475–482.
- Blöthe, M., Fischer, U. (2000) New insights in sulfur metabolism of purple and green phototrophic sulfur bacteria and their spheroplasts, Abstracts Microbiology 2000 Biospektrum special edition, 62.
- Bos, P., Boogerd, F. C., Kuenen, J. G. (1992) Microbial desulfurization of coal, in: Environmental Microbiology ( R. Mitchel, Ed.), New York: Wiley, 375–403.
- Brinkhoff, T., Muyzer, G., Wirsen, C. O., Kuever, J. (1999) Thiomicrospira chilensis sp. nov., a mesophilic obligately chemolithoautotrophic sulfur oxidizing bacterium isolated from a Thioploca mat, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49, 875–879.
- Bronstein, M., Schütz, M., Hauska, G., Padan, E., Shahak, Y. (2000) Cyanobacterial sulfide-quinone reductase: cloning and heterologous expression, J. Bacteriol. 182, 3336–3344.
- Brown, K. A. (1982) Sulfur in the environment: a review, Environ. Pollut. 3B, 47–80.
- Brune, D. C. (1989) Sulfur oxidation by phototrophic bacteria, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 975, 189–221.
- Brune, D. C. (1995) Sulfur compounds as photosynthetic electron donors. in: Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria ( R. E. Blankenship, M. T. Madigan, C. E. Bauer, Eds.), Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 847–870.
- Brüser, T., Lens, P. N. L., Trüper, H. G. (2000) The biological sulfur cycle, in: Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution ( P. Lens, L. Hulshoff Pol, Eds.), London: IWA Publishing, 47–85.
- Bryantseva, I. A., Gorlenko, V. M., Kompantseva, E. I., Tourova, T. P., Kuznetsov, B. B., Osipov, G. A. (2000) Alkaliphilic heliobacterium Heliorestis baculata sp. nov. and amended description of the genus Heliorestis, Arch. Microbiol. 174, 283–291.
- Buder, J. (1915) Zur Kenntnis des Thiospirillum jenense und seine Reaktionen auf Lichtreize, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 56, 529–584.
- Buder, J. (1919) Zur Biologie des Bakteriopurpurins und der Purpurbakterien, Jahrb. f. wiss. Bot. 58, 525–628.
- Bunker, H. J. (1936) A review of the physiology and biochemistry of the sulfur bacteria, London: HM Stationery Office.
- Cho, K. S., Hirai, M., Shoda, M. (1992) Degradation of hydrogen sulfide by Xanthomonas sp. strain DY44 isolated from peat, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58, 1183–1189.
- Cohn, F. (1865) Zwei neue Beggiatoen, Hedwigia 4, 81–84.
- Cohn, F. (1875) Untersuchungen über Bakterien II, Beitr. z. Biol. d. Pflanzen 1, 141–207.
- Cramer, C. (1870) in: Chemisch-Physikalische Beschreibung der Thermen von Baden in der Schweiz ( Chr. Müller, Ed.), Baden.
- Cusanovich, M. A., Meyer, T. E., Bartsch, R. G. (1991) Flavocytochrome c, in: Chemistry and Biochemistry of Flavoenzymes ( F. Muller, Ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 377–399.
- de Jong, G. A. H., Hazeu, W., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1997) Isolation of the tetrathionate hydrolase from Thiobacillus acidophilus, Eur. J. Biochem. 243, 678–683.
- Dirmeier, R., Keller, M., Frey, G., Huber, H., Stetter, K. O. (1998) Purification and properties of an extremely thermostable membrane-bound sulfur-reducing complex from the hyperthermophilic Pyrodictium abyssi, Eur. J. Biochem. 252, 486–491.
-
Ehrenberg, C. G.
(1838)
Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. Ein Blick in das tiefere organische Leben der Natur, Leipzig: Leopold Voss-Verlag.
10.5962/bhl.title.58475 Google Scholar
- Elion, L. (1925) A thermophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium, Centralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Abt. II, 63, 58–67.
- Emmel, T., Sand, W., König, W. A., Bock, E. (1986) Evidence for the existence of a sulfur oxygenase in Sulfolobus brierleyi, J. Gen. Microbiol. 132, 3415–3420.
- Fauque, G.D. (1994) Sulfur reductase from thiophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria, Methods Enzymol. 243, 353–367.
- Fischer, U. (1988) Sulfur in biotechnology, in: Biotechnology Vol. 6b ( H. J. Rehm, G. Reed, Eds.) Weinheim, Germany: VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, 463–496.
- Friedrich, C. G. (1998) Physiology and genetics of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Adv. Microbial Physiol. 39, 235–289.
- Friedrich, C., Rother, D., Bardischewsky, F., Quentmeier, A., Fischer, J. (2001) Oxidation of reduced inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria: emergence of a common mechanism, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 2873–2882.
- Giggenbach, W. F. (1974) Equilibria involving polysulfide ions in aqueous sulfide solutions up to 240°C, Inorg. Chem. 13, 1724–1729.
- Gmelin (1983) Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sulfur, Suppl. Vol. 4a/b. Berlin: Springer.
- Griesbeck, C., Hauska, G., Schütz, M. (2000) Biological sulfide oxidation: suflide:quinone reductase (SQR), the primary reaction, in: Recent research developments in microbiology, Vol. 4 ( S. G. Pandalai, Ed.), Trivandrum, India: Research Signpost, 179–204.
- Grieshaber, M. K., Völkel, S. (1998) Animal adaptations for tolerance and exploitation of poisonous sulfide, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 60, 33–53.
- Guerrero, R., Mas, J., Pedrós-Alió, C. (1984) Buoyant density changes due to intercellular content of sulfur in Chromatium warmingii and Chromatium vinosum, Arch. Microbiol. 137, 350–356.
- Hageage, G. J., Jr., Eanes, E. D., Gherna, R. L. (1970) X-ray diffraction studies of the sulfur globules accumulated by Chromatium species, J. Bacteriol. 101, 464–469.
- Hahn, J. (1985) Zusammensetzung von Rohsulfan. Nachweis der Sulfane H2S9 bis H2S35, Z. Naturforsch. Part B 40, 263–272.
- Hallberg, K. B., Dopson, M., Lindström, E. B. (1996) Reduced sulfur compound oxidation by Thiobacillus caldus, J. Bacteriol. 178, 6–11.
- Hamilton, W. A. (1998) Bioenergetics of sulfate-reducing bacteria in relation to their environmental impact, Biodegradation 9, 201–212.
- Hansen, T. A. (1994) Metabolism of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 66, 165–185.
- Hansen, T. A., van Gemerden, H. (1972) Sulfide utilization by purple sulfur bacteria, Arch. Mikrobiol. 86, 49–56.
- Harrison, A. P., Jr. (1984) The acidophilic thiobacilli and other acidophilic bacteria that share the same habitat, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 38, 265–292.
- Hatchikian, E. C. (1975) Purification and properties of thiosulfate reductase from Desulfovibrio gigas, Arch. Microbiol. 105, 249–256.
- Hazeu, W., Batenburg-van der Vegte, W. H., Bos, P., van der Pas, R. K., Kuenen, J. G. (1988) The production and utilization of intermediary elemental sulfur during the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Arch. Microbiol. 150, 574–579.
- Hedderich, R., Klimmek, O., Kröger, A., Dirmeier, R., Keller, M., Stetter, K. O. (1999) Anaerobic respiration with elemental sulfur and with disulfides, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 22, 353–381.
- Hensel, M., Hinsley, A. P., Nikolaus, T., Sawers, G., Berks, B. C. (1999) The genetic basis of tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella typhimurium, Mol. Microbiol. 32, 275–287.
- Herrygers, V., van Langenhove, H., Smet, E. (2000) . Biological treatment of gases polluted by volatile sulfur compounds. in: Environmental Technologies to treat Sulfur Pollution ( P. N. L. Lens, L. Hulshoff Pol, Eds.), London: IWA Publishing, 281–304.
- Huber, R., Kristjanson, J. K., Stetter, K. O. (1987) Pyrobaculum gen. nov., a new genus of neutrophilic, rod-shaped archaebacteria from continental solfataras growing optimally at 100°C, Arch. Microbiol. 149, 95–101.
- Hutcheon, I., Krouse, H. R., Abercrombie, H. J. (1995) Controls of the origin and distribution of elemental sulfur, H2S, and CO2 in Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs in Western Canada, in: Geochemical Transformations of Sedimentary Sulfur ( M. A. Vairavamurthy, M. A. A. Schoonen, Eds.), ACS Symposium Series 612, Washington.
-
Imhoff, J. F.
(1999)
A phylogenetically oriented taxonomy of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria. in: The Phototrophic Prokaryotes ( G. A. Peschek, W. Löffelhardt, G. Schmetterer, Eds.), New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,
763–774.
10.1007/978-1-4615-4827-0_89 Google Scholar
- Janssen, A., de Keizer, A., van Aelst, A., Fokkink, R., Yangling, H., Lettinga, G. (1996) Surface characteristics and aggregation of microbiologically produced sulfur particles in relation to process conditions, Colloids Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 6, 115.
- Janssen, A., Lettinga, G., de Keizer, A. (1999) Removal of hydrogen sulfide from wastewater and waste gases by biological conversion to elemental sulfur – colloidal and interfacial aspects of biologically produced sulfur particles, Colloids Surfaces A: 151, 389.
- Kappler, U., Friedrich, C. G., Trüper, H. G., Dahl, C. (2001) Evidence for two pathways of thiosulfate oxidation in Starkeya novella (formerly Thiobacillus novellus), Arch. Microbiol. 175, 102–111.
- Kelly, D. P. (1989) Physiology and biochemistry of unicellular sulfur bacteria, in: Autotrophic Bacteria ( H. G. Schlegel, B. Bowien, Eds.) Madison: Science Tech Publishers, 193–217.
- Kelly, D. P. (1999) Thermodynamic aspects of energy conservation by chemolithotrophic sulfur bacteria in relation to the sulfur oxidation pathways, Arch. Microbiol. 171, 219–229.
- Kelly, D. P., Harrison, A. P. (1989) Genus Thiobacillus, in: Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 3 ( J. T. Staley, M.P. Bryant, N. Pfennig, J.G. Holt, Eds.), Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1842–1858.
- Kelly, D. P., Smith, N. A. (1990) Organic sulfur compounds in the environment, Adv. Microb. Ecol. 11, 345–385.
- Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P. (1994) Synthesis and determination of thiosulfate and polythionates, in: Inorganic Microbial Sulfur Metabolism ( H. D. Peck, J. LeGall, Eds.), San Diego: Academic Press, 475–520.
- Kelly, D. P., Shergill, J. K., Lu, W.-P., Wood, A. P. (1997) Oxidative metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds by bacteria, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 71, 95–107.
- Kim, J. H., Akagi, J. M. (1985) Characterization of a trithionate reductase system from Desulfovibrio vulgaris, J. Bacteriol. 163, 472–475.
- Kletzin, A. (1989) Coupled enzymatic production of sulfite, thiosulfate, and hydrogen sulfide from sulfur: purification and properties of a sulfur oxygenase reductase from the facultatively anaerobic archaebacterium Desulfurolobus ambivalens, J. Bacteriol. 171, 1638–1643.
- Klimmek, O., Kröger, A., Steudel, R., Holdt, G. (1991) Growth of Wolinella succinogenes with polysulfide as terminal acceptor of phosphorylative electron transport, Arch. Microbiol. 155, 177–182.
- Klimmek, O., Kreis, V., Klein, C., Simon, J., Wittershagen, A., Kröger, A. (1998) The function of the periplasmic Sud protein in polysulfide respiration of Wolinella succinogenes, Eur. J. Biochem. 253, 263–269.
-
Knobloch, K.,
Schmitt, W.,
Schleifer, G.,
Appelt, N.,
Müller, H.
(1981)
On the enzymatic system thiosulfate-cytochrome c-oxidoreductase, in: Biology of inorganic nitrogen and sulfur ( H. Bothe, A. Trebst, Eds.), Berlin: Springer-Verlag,
359–365.
10.1007/978-3-642-67919-3_32 Google Scholar
-
König, W. A.,
Ludwig, K.,
Sievers, S.,
Rinken, M.,
Stotting, K. H.,
Günther, W.
(1980)
Identification of volatile organosulfur compounds in municipal sewage systems by GC/MS,
J. High-Res. Chromatogr. Chromatogr. Commun. 3,
415.
10.1002/jhrc.1240030808 Google Scholar
- Kredich, N. M. (1996) Biosynthesis of cysteine, in: Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Cellular and Molecular Biology ( F. C. Neidhardt, Ed.), Washington D.C.: American Society for Microbiology, 514–527.
- Kurek, E. (1985) Properties of an enzymatic complex active in sulfite and thiosulfate oxidation in Rhodotorula sp., Arch. Microbiol. 143, 277–282.
- Le Faou, A., Rajagopal, B. S., Daniels, L., Fauque, G. (1990) Thiosulfate, polythionates and elemental sulfur assimilation and reduction in the bacterial world, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 75, 351–382.
- Lens, P., Hulshoff Pol, L. (Eds.) (2000) Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution, London: IWA Publishing.
- Leustek, T., Saito, K. (1999) Sulfate transport and assimilation in plants, Plant Physiol. 120, 637–643.
- Löffler, M., Neumann, W., Straube, E., Straube, G. (1995) Mikrobielle Oberflächenentschwefelung von Altgummigranulat – ein Beitrag zu stofflichen Wiederverwertung von Altgummi, KGK Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe 48, 454–457.
- Lu, W.-P., Kelly, D. P. (1988a) Cellular localization and partial purification of the “thiosulfate-oxidizing” enzyme and “trithionate hydrolase” from Thiobacillus tepidarius, J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 877–885.
- Lu, W.-P., Kelly, D. P. (1988b) Kinetic and energetic aspects of inorganic sulfur compound oxidation by Thiobacillus tepidarius, J. Gen. Microbiol. 134, 865–876.
- Luther, G. W., Church, T. M., Scudlark, J. R., Cosman, M. (1986) Inorganic and organic sulfur cycling in salt-marsh pore waters, Science 232, 746–749.
- Lütke-Eversloh, T., Bergander, K., Luftmann, H., Steinbüchel, A. (2001a) Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-mercaptobutyrate) as sulfur analogue to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), Biomacromolecules 2, 1061–1065.
- Lütke-Eversloh, T., Bergander, K., Luftmann, H., Steinbüchel, A. (2001b) Identification of a new class of biopolymer: bacterial synthesis of a sulfur-containing polymer with thioester linkages, Microbiology-UK 147, 11–19.
- Ma, K., Adams, M. W. W. (1994) Sulfide dehydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: a new multifunctional enzyme involved in the reduction of elemental sulfur, J. Bacteriol. 176, 6509–6517.
- Ma, K., Schicho, R. N., Kelly, R. M., Adams, M. W. (1993) Hydrogenase of the hyperthermophilic Pyrococcus furiosus is an elemental sulfur reductase or sulfhydrogenase: evidence for a sulfur-reducing hydrogenase ancestor, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 5341–5344.
- Ma, K. S., Weiss, R., Adams, M. W. W. (2000) Characterization of hydrogenase II from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus and assessment of its role in sulfur reduction, J. Bacteriol. 182, 1864–1871.
- Marzluf, G. A. (1997) Molecular genetics of sulfur assimilation in filamentous fungi and yeast, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 51, 73–96.
- Mas, J., van Gemerden, H. (1987) Influence of sulfur accumulation and composition of sulfur globule on cell volume and buoyant density of Chromatium vinosum, Arch. Mikrobiol. 146, 362–369.
- Meulenberg, R., Pronk, J. T., Frank, J., Hazeu, W., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1992) Purification and partial characterization of a thermostable trithionate hydrolase from the acidophilic sulphur oxidizer Thiobacillus acidophilus, Eur. J. Biochem. 209, 367–374.
- Meulenberg, R., Pronk, J. T., Hazen, W., van Dijken, J. P., Frank, J., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1993) Purification and partial characterization of thiosulphate dehydrogenase from Thiobacillus acidophilus, J. Gen. Microbiol. 139, 2033–2039.
- Middelburg, J. J. (2000) The geochemical sulfur cycle, in: Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution ( P. Lens, L. Hulshoff Pol, Eds.), London: IWA Publishing, 33–46.
- Milo, C., Reineccius, G. A. (1997) Identification and quantification of potent odorants in regular-fat and low-fat milk Cheddar cheese, J. Agric. Food Chem. 45, 3590–3594.
- Moutiez, M., Aumercier, M., Teissier, E., Parmentier, B., Tartar, A., Sergheraert, C. (1994) Reduction of a trisulfide derivative of glutathione by glutathione reductase, Biochem. Biophys. Res Commun. 202, 1380–1386.
- Moutiez, M., Aumercier, M., Parmentier, B., Tartar, A., Sergheraert, C. (1995) Compared recognition of di- and trisulfides by glutathione and trypanothione reductases, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1245, 161–166.
- Mukhopadhyaya, P. N., Deb, C., Lahiri, C., Roy, P. (2000) A soxA gene, encoding a diheme cytochrome c, a sox locus, essential for sulfur oxidation in a new sulfur lithotrophic bacterium, J. Bacteriol. 182, 4278–4287.
- Müller, A., Diemann, E. (1987) Polysulfide complexes of metals, Adv. Inorg. Chem. 31, 89–122.
- Müller, C., Böttcher, P. (1993) Darstellung und Kristallstruktur des Bis(diisobutylammonium) heptasulfids, Z. Naturforsch. Part B 48, 1732–1736.
- Müller, O. F. (1786) Animalcula infusoria fluviatilia et marina. Hauniae.
- Münchow, V., Steudel, R. (1994) The decomposition of aqueous dithionite and its reactions with polythionates SnO62– (n=3–5) studied by ion-pair chromatography, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 620, 121–126.
- Mussinan, C. J., Keelan, M. E. (1994) Sulfur compounds in food: an overview. in: Sulfur compounds in food ( C. J. Mussinan, M. E. Keelan, Eds.), Washington: American Chemical Society, 1–6.
- Nadson, G. A. (1906) The morphology of inferior Algae. III. Chlorobium limicola Nads., the green chlorophyll bearing microbe (in Russian), Bull. Jard. Bot. St. Petersb. 6, 190.
- Nelson, D. C., Fisher, C. R. (1995) Chemoautotrophic and methanoautotrophic endosymbiontic bacteria at deep-sea vents and seeps, in: Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents ( D. M. Karl, Ed.) Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 125–167.
- Ohmura, N., Tsugita, K., Koizumi, J., Saiki, H. (1996) Sulfur-binding protein of flagella of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, J. Bacteriol. 178, 5776–5780.
- Oltman, L. F., Stouthammer, A. H. (1975) Reduction of tetrathionate, trithionate, and thiosulfate, and oxidation of sulfide in Proteus mirabilis, Arch. Microbiol. 105, 135–142.
- Oltman, L. F., Schoenemaker, G. S., Stouthammer, A. H. (1974) Solublization and purification of a cytoplasmic membrane bound enzyme catalyzing tetrathionate and thiosulfate reduction in Proteus mirabilis, Arch. Microbiol. 98, 19–30.
- Oltman, L. F., Claasen, V. P., Kastelein, P., Reijinders, W. N. M., Stouthammer, A. H. (1979) The influence of tungstate on the formation and activities of four reductases of Proteus mirabilis: identification of two new molybdoenzymes, chlorate reductase and tetrathionate reductase, FEBS Lett. 106, 43–46.
- Overmann, J., van Gemerden, H. (2000) Microbial interactions involving sulfur bacteria: implications for the ecology and evolution of bacterial communities, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 24, 591–599.
- Pasteris, J. D., Freeman, J. J., Goffredi, S. K., Buck, K. R. (2001) Raman spectroscopic and laser scanning confocal microscopic analysis of sulfur in living sulfur-precipitating marine bacteria, Chem. Geol. 180, 3–18.
- Perty, M. (1852) Zur Kenntnis kleinster Lebensformen nach Bau, Funktionen, Systematik, mit Spezialverzeichnis der in der Schweiz beobachteten. Bern.
- Pfennig, N., Biebl, H. (1976) Desulfuromonas acetoxidans gen. nov. and sp. nov., a new anaerobic sulfur-reducing, acetate-oxidizing bacterium, Arch. Microbiol. 110, 3–12.
- Phillips, D. J., Phillips, S. L. (2000) High temperature dissociation constants of HS− and the standard thermodynamic values for S2−, J. Chem. Eng. Data 45, 981–987.
- Pibernat, I. V., Abella, C. A. (1996) Sulfide pulsing as the controlling factor of spinae production in Chlorobium limicola strain UdG 6038, Arch. Microbiol. 165, 272–278.
- Pickering, I. J., George, G. N., Yu, E. Y., Brune, D. C., Tuschak, C., Overmann, J., Beatty, J. T., Prince, R. C. (2001) Analysis of sulfur biochemistry of sulfur bacteria using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Biochemistry 40, 8138–8145.
- Postgate, J. R. (1951) The reduction of sulphur compounds by Desulfovibrio desulphuricans, J. Gen. Microbiol. 5, 725–738.
- Pott, A. S., Dahl, C. (1998) Sirohaem-sulfite reductase and other proteins encoded in the dsr locus of Chromatium vinosum are involved in the oxidation of intracellular sulfur, Microbiology-UK 144, 1881–1894.
- Prange, A., Arzberger, I., Engemann, C., Modrow, H., Schumann, O., Trüper, H. G., Steudel, R., Dahl, C., Hormes, J. (1999) In situ analysis of sulfur in the sulfur globules of phototrophic sulfur bacteria by X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1428, 446–454.
- Prange, A., Chauvistré, R., Modrow, H., Hormes, J., Trüper, H. G., Dahl, C. (2002) Quantitative speciation of sulfur in bacterial sulfur globules: X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals at least three different speciations of sulfur, Microbiology-UK 148, 267–276.
- Pronk, J. T., Meulenberg, R., Hazeu, W., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1990) Oxidation of reduced inorganic sulphur compounds by acidophilic thiobacilli, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 75, 293–306.
- Rau, H., Kutty, T. R. N., Guedes de Carvalho, J. R. F. (1973) Thermodynamics of sulfur vapor, J. Thermodyn. 5, 833–844.
- Reinartz, M., Tschäpe, J., Brüser, T., Trüper, H. G., Dahl, C. (1998) Sulfide oxidation in the phototrophic sulfur bacterium Chromatium vinosum, Arch. Microbiol. 170, 59–68.
- Schauder, R., Müller, E. (1993) Polysulfide as a possible substrate for sulfur reducing bacteria, Arch. Microbiol. 160, 377–382.
- Schmidt, G. L., Nicolson, G. L., Kamen, M. D. (1971) Composition of the sulfur particle of Chromatium strain D, J. Bacteriol. 105, 1137–1141.
- Schuetz, M., Maldener, I., Griesbeck, C., Hauska, G. (1999) Sulfide-quinone reductase from Rhodobacter capsulatus: requirement for growth, periplasmic location, and extension of gene sequence analysis, J. Bacteriol. 181, 6516–6523.
-
Seefeldt, K. E.,
Weimer, B. C.
(2000)
Diversity of sulfur compounds production in lactic acid bacteria,
J. Dairy Sci. 83,
2470–2476.
10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75168-X Google Scholar
- Shibata, H., Takahashi, M., Yamaguchi, I., Kobayashi, S. (1999) Sulfide oxidation by gene expressions of sulfide-quinone oxidoreductase and ubiquinone-8 biosynthase in Escherichia coli, J. Biosci. Bioeng. 88, 244–249.
- Shooner, F., Bousquet, J., Tyagi, R. D. (1996) Isolation, phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic position of a novel, facultatively autotrophic, moderately thermophilic bacterium, Thiobacillus thermosulfatus sp. nov, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46, 409–415.
- Sklodowska, A. (1985) Oxidation of thiosulfate and sulfite by Thiobacillus neapolitanus, Acta Microbiol. Pol. 34, 271–276.
- Sorokin, D. Y. (1992) Oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate by heterotrophic bacteria from aquatic environments, Mikrobiologiya 61, 756–763.
- Sorokin, D. Y. (1993) Oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate by the marine pseudomonad ChG 7–3: effects on growth and characterization of the oxidation system, Mikrobiologiya 62, 223–230.
- Sorokin, D. Y., Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. (1996) Sulfur cycling in Catenococcus thiocyclus, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 19, 117–125.
- Sorokin, D. Y., Teske, A., Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. (1999) Anaerobic oxidation of thiosulfate to tetrathionate by obligately heterotrophic bacteria, belonging to the Pseudomonas stutzeri group, FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 30, 113–123.
- Sorokin, D. Y., Kuenen, J. G., Jetten, M. S. M. (2001) Denitrification at extremely high pH values by the alkaliphilic, obligately chemolithoatuotrophic, sulfur oxidizing bacterium Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans strain ALJD, Arch. Microbiol. 175, 94–101.
- Starkey, R. L. (1950) Relations of microorganisms to transformations of sulfur in soils, Soil Sci. 70, 55–65.
- Stetter, K. O. (1996) Hyperthermophilic prokaryotes, FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 18, 149–158.
- Steudel, R. (1982) Homocyclic sulfur molecules, Top. Curr. Chem. 102, 149–176.
-
Steudel, R.
(1984)
Elemental sulfur and related homocyclic compounds, in: Sulfur – Its Significance for the Geo-, Bio- and Cosmosphere and Technology ( A. Müller, B. Krebs, Eds.), Amsterdam: Elsevier,
3–37.
10.1016/B978-0-444-42355-9.50006-2 Google Scholar
- Steudel, R. (1989) On the nature of the “elemental sulfur” (S0) produced by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria – a model for S0 globules. in: Autotrophic Bacteria ( H. G. Schlegel, B. Bowien, Eds.), Madison: Science Tech Publications, 289–303.
- Steudel, R. (1996) Mechanism for the formation of elemental sulfur from aqueous sulfide in chemical and microbiological desulfurization processes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35, 1417–1423.
- Steudel, R. (2000) The chemical sulfur cycle, in: Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulfur Pollution ( P. Lens, L. Hulshoff Pol, Eds.), London: IWA Publishing, 1–31.
- Steudel, R., Albertsen, A. (1999) The chemistry of aqueous sulfur sols – models for bacterial sulfur globules? in: Biochemical Principles and Mechanism of Biosynthesis and Biodegradation of Polymers ( A. Steinbüchel, Ed.), Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 17–25.
- Steudel, R., Holdt, G. (1986) Ion-pair chromatographic separation of polythionates SnO62− with up to thirteen sulfur atoms, J. Chromatogr. 361, 379–384.
- Steudel, R., Holdt, G. (1988) Solubilization of elemental sulfur in water by cationic and anionic surfactants, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. 27, 1358–1359.
- Steudel, R., Holz, B. (1988) Detection of reactive sulfur molecules (S6, S7, S9, Sμ) in commercial sulfur, in sulfur minerals and in sulfur melts slowly cooled to 20°C, Z. Naturforsch. Part B 43, 581–589.
- Steudel, R., Kustos, M. (1994) Sulfur: Organic polysulfanes, in: Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry ( R. B. King, Ed.), Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Vol. 7, 4009–4038.
- Steudel, R., Passlack-Stephan, S., Holdt, G. (1984) Thermal polymerization and depolymerization reactions of 10 sulfur allotropes studied by HPLC and DSC, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 517, 7–42.
- Steudel, R., Strauss, R., Koch, L. (1985) Quantitative HPLC analysis and thermodynamics of sulfur melts, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. 24, 59–60.
- Steudel, R., Holdt, G., Nagorka, R. (1986) On the autoxidation of aqueous sodium polysulfide, Z. Naturforsch. Part B 41, 1519–1522.
- Steudel, R., Holdt, G., Göbel, T., Hazeu, W. (1987) Chromatographic separation of higher polythionates SnO62- (n=3–22) and their detection in cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans; molecular composition of bacterial sulfur secretions, Angew. Chem. 99, 143–145; Angew. Chem. Int. Edn. 26, 151–153.
- Steudel, R., Göbel, T., Holdt, G. (1988) The molecular composition of hydrophilic sulfur sols prepared by acid decomposition of thiosulfate, Z. Naturforsch. Part B 43, 203–218.
- Steudel, R., Albertsen, J., Hugo, P. (1989a) Photoinduced ESR signals in orthorhombic cyclo-octasulfur (α-S8) and in quenched liquid sulfur at low temperatures, Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 93, 502–509.
- Steudel, R., Holdt, G., Göbel, T. (1989b) Ion-pair chromatographic separation of inorganic sulfur ions including polysulfide, J. Chromatogr. 475, 442–446.
- Steudel, R., Göbel, T., Holdt, G. (1989c) The molecular nature of the hydrophilic sulfur prepared from aqueous sulfide and sulfite (selmi sulfur sol), Z. Naturforsch. Part B 44, 526–530.
- Steudel, R., Holdt, G., Visscher, P. T., van Gemerden, H. (1990) Search for polythionates in cultures of Chromatium vinosum after sulfide incubation, Arch. Microbiol. 155, 432–437.
- Strohl, W. R., Geffers, I., Larkin, J. M. (1981) Structure of the sulfur inclusion envelopes from four Beggiatoas, Curr. Microbiol. 6, 75–79.
- Takakuwa, S. (1992) Biochemical aspects of microbial oxidation of inorganic sulfur compounds, in: Organic Sulfur Chemistry: Biochemical Aspects ( S. Oae, T. Okuyama, Eds.), Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, Inc., 1–43.
- Takano, B., Watanuki, K. (1988) Quenching and liquid chromatographic determination of polythionates in natural water, Talanta 35, 847–854.
- Trevisan, V. (1842) Prospetto della Flora Euganea, Coi Tipi Del Seminario, Padova, 1–68.
- Trudinger, P. A. (1967) Metabolism of thiosulfate and tetrathionate by heterotrophic bacteria from soil, J. Bacteriol. 93, 550–559.
- Trüper, H. G. (1978) Sulfur metabolism, in: The Photosynthetic Bacteria ( R. K. Clayton, W. R. Sistrom, Eds.), New York: Plenum, 677–690.
- Trüper, H. G. (1989) Physiology and biochemistry of phototrophic bacteria. in: Autotrophic Bacteria ( H. G. Schlegel, B. Bowien, Eds.), Madison: Science Tech Publications, 267–281.
- Trüper, H. G., Hathaway, J. C. (1968) Orthorhombic sulfur formed by photosynthetic sulphur bacteria, Nature 215, 435–436.
- Vairavamurthy, M. A., Zhou, W. (1995) Characterization of a transient +2 sulfur oxidation state intermediate from the oxidation of aqueous sulfide, ACS Symp. Ser. 612, 280–292.
- van Delden, A. (1903) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sulfatreduktion durch Bakterien, Centralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Abt. II, 11, 81–94, 113–119.
- van Gemerden, H. (1987) Competition between purple sulfur bacteria and green sulfur bacteria: role of sulfide, sulfur and polysulfides, in: Ecology of photosynthetic prokaryotes with special reference to meromictic lakes and coastal lagoons ( T. Lindholm, Ed.), Abo: Abo Academy Press, 13–27.
- van Niel, C. B. (1931) On the morphology and physiology of the purple and green sulfur bacteria, Arch. Mikrobiol. 3, 1–112.
- van Niel, C. B. (1936) On the metabolism of the Thiorhodaceae, Arch. Mikrobiol. 7, 323–358.
- Visscher, P. T., Taylor, B. F. (1993) Aerobic and anerobic degradation of a range of alkyl sulfides by a denitrifying marine bacterium, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 4083–4089.
- Visscher, P. T., Nijburg, J. W., van Gemerden, H. (1990) Polysulfide utilization by Thiocapsa roseopersicina, Arch. Microbiol. 155, 75–81.
- Visser, J. M., de Jong, G. A. H., Robertson, L. A., Kuenen, J. G. (1996) Purification and characterization of a periplasmic thiosulfate dehydrogenase from the obligately autotrophic Thiobacillus sp. W5, Arch. Microbiol. 166, 372–378.
- Warming, E. (1875) Om nogle ved Danmarks kyster levede bakterier, Vidensk Medd. Dan. Naturhist. Foren. Khobenhavn 20-28, 3–116.
- Weir, S. I., Butler, E. C. V., Haddad, P. R. (1994) Ion chromatography with UV detection for the determination of thiosulfate and polythionates in saline water, J. Chromatogr. A 671, 197–203.
- Wells, A. F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, 5th edition, Oxford: Clarendon, 699–747.
- Whited, G. M., Tuttle, J. H. (1983) Separation and distribution of thiosulfate-oxidizing enzyme, tetrathionate reductase, and thiosulfate reductase in extracts of marine heterotroph strain 16B, J. Bacteriol. 156, 600–610.
- Widdel, F., Hansen, T. A. (1992) The dissimilatory sulfate- and sulfur-reducing bacteria, in: The Prokaryotes. A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria: Ecophysiology, Isolation, Identification, Applications ( A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, K.-H. Schleifer, Eds.), New York: Springer-Verlag, 583–624.
- Winogradsky, S. N. (1887) Über Schwefelbakterien, Bot. Ztg. 45, 489–508.
- Winogradsky, S. (1889) Recherches physiologiques sur les sulfobactéries, Ann. Inst. Pasteur 3, 49–60.
Citing Literature
Biopolymers Online: Biology • Chemistry • Biotechnology • Applications
Browse other articles of this reference work:
