Desulfurization of Coal
Part 1. Lignin, Humic Substances and Coal
Dr.-Ing. Bernd Bogenschneider,
Dr.-Ing. Ralf Günter Jung,
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Klein,
Dr.-Ing. Bernd Bogenschneider
- [email protected]
- +49-201-465496 | Fax: +49-2011721773
Soniusweg 2, Essen, Germany, 45259
Search for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. Ralf Günter Jung
- [email protected]
- +49-201-1721325 | Fax: +49-2011721773
Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, Am Technologiepark 1, Essen, Germany, 45307
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Jürgen Klein
- [email protected]
- +49-2011721294 | Fax: +49-2011721773
Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, Am Technologiepark 1, Essen, Germany, 45307
Search for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. Bernd Bogenschneider,
Dr.-Ing. Ralf Günter Jung,
Prof. Dr. Jürgen Klein,
Dr.-Ing. Bernd Bogenschneider
- [email protected]
- +49-201-465496 | Fax: +49-2011721773
Soniusweg 2, Essen, Germany, 45259
Search for more papers by this authorDr.-Ing. Ralf Günter Jung
- [email protected]
- +49-201-1721325 | Fax: +49-2011721773
Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, Am Technologiepark 1, Essen, Germany, 45307
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Jürgen Klein
- [email protected]
- +49-2011721294 | Fax: +49-2011721773
Deutsche Montan Technologie GmbH, Am Technologiepark 1, Essen, Germany, 45307
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
- Introduction
- Origin and Type of Sulfur in Coal
- Approaches for Coal Desulfurization
- Mechanical Processes
- Importance of Raw Material Properties for the Preparation Technique
- Methods of Mechanical Pyrite Removal
- Costs and Cost-efficiency
- Conclusions
- Chemical Processes
- Biotechnological Processes
- Removal of Pyrite
- Microbiological Aspects
- Kinetic Aspects
- Process Features
- Economic Aspects of Biological Pyrite Removal
- Removal of Organosulfur Compounds
-
- Biological Mechanisms for the Desulfurization of Model Compounds
- Application Potential
- Removal of Pyrite
- Conclusions
References
- Adam, P., Schmid, J. C., Mycke, B., Strazielle, C., Connan, J., Huc, A., Riva, A. and Albrecht, P. (1993) Structural investigation of non-polar sulfur cross-linked macromolecules in petroleum, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57.
- Ahmed, M. and Rahim, A. (1996) Abundance of sulfur in Eocene coal beds from Bapung, northeast India, Int. J. Coal Geol., 32, 315–318.
- Andrews, G. F., Stevens, C. J., Leeper, S. A. (1992) Heaps as bioreactors for coal processing, in: Proceedings, 14th Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, May 1992, Gatlinburg, TN.
- Anonymous (1994) Biodesulfurisation of Coal, Pilot-scale R&D. Final Report of Contract No. Jouf-0039, CEC Joule Programme, Sub-programme: Energy from Fossil Sources: Solid Fuels.
- Anonymous (1998) Braunkohle International, Information der Rheinbraun AG, Köln.
- Anonymous (2000) Statistik der Kohlewirtschaft, Essen.
- ASTM D 3177–89 (1997) Standard Test Method for Total Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke.
- ASTM D 1757–96 (1996) Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Ash from Coal and Coke.
- ASTM D 2492–90 (1998) Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal.
- Atesok, G., Perek, K. T., Dincer, H., Celik, M. S. (1999) Reduction of ash and sulfur content of low-rank Turkish semi-coked lignite by high intensity dry magnetic separation, Coal Preparation, 20, 179–190.
- Attia, Y. A., Elzeky, M. A. (1985) Biosurface modification in the separation of pyrite from coal by broth flotation, in: Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals ( Y. A. Attia, Ed.), pp. 673–682. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Barton, C. M., Gloe, C. S., Holdgate, G. R. (1993) Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia: a world class brown coal deposit, Int. J. Coal Geol., 193–213.
- Beier, E. (1982) Unerwünschte und gezielte Oxidation von Pyrit, insbesondere von Pyrit in der Kohle, Glückauf Forschungshefte 43, 132–134.
- Beier, E. (1985) Removal of pyrite from coal using bacteria, in: First International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coals ( Y.A. Attia, Ed,), pp. 653–672. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
-
Beier, E.
(1987)
Microbial pyrite removal from hard coal,
Resources, Conservation, Recycling 1,
233–259.
10.1016/0921-3449(88)90019-5 Google Scholar
- Bethe, W. P. (1988) Stand und Entwicklung der Steinkohlenaufbereitung, Brennst. Wärme Kraft 40, 181–185.
- Beyer, M. (1987) Microbial removal of pyrite from coal using a percolation bioreactor, Biotechnol. Lett. 9, 19–24.
- Beyer, M., Ebner, H. G., Klein, J. (1986) Influence of pulp density and bioreactor design on microbial desulphurization of coal, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24, 342–346.
- Beyer, M., Ebner, H. G., Assenmacher, H., Frigge, J. (1987) Elemental sulfur in microbiologically desulfurized coals, Fuel 66, 551–555.
- Beyer, M., Klein, J., Vaupel, K., Wiegand, D. (1990) Microbial desulphurization of coal: calculations and costs, Bioprocess Eng. 5, 97–101.
- Biesert, G., Bäckbro, K., Johnson, C., Linne, E., Uhl, W. (1987) Mikrobiell Avswavling av Kol, Lund: Lunds Tekniska Högskola.
- Boogerd, F. C., van den Beemd, C., Stoelwinder, T., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1991) Relative contributions of biological and chemical reactions to the overall rate of pyrite oxidation at temperatures between 30 and 70 °C, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 38, 109–115.
- Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1990) Microbial treatment of coal, in: Microbial Mineral Recovery ( H. L. Ehrlich, C. L. Brierley, Eds.), pp. 343–379. New York: McGraw-Hill.
- Bos, P., Huber, T. F., Kos, C. H., Ras, C., Kuenen, J. G. (1986) Microbiology of sulphur-oxidising bacteria, in: Microbial Corrosion ( A. D. Mercer, A. K. Tiller, R. W. Wilson, Eds), pp. 18–27. London: The Metals Society.
- Boudou, J. P., Boulege, J., Malechaux, L., Nip, M., de Leeuw, J. W., Boon, J. J. (1987) Identification of some sulfur species in a higher organic sulfur coal, Fuel 66, 1558–1569.
- Brierley, C. L. (1978) Bacterial leaching, CRC Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 6, 207–262.
- Butcher, D. A., Rowson, N. A. (1994) Desulfurisation of coal in intensified magnetic electrostatic and gravitational fields, in: Proceedings of the XII International Coal Preparation Congress, Crakow, Poland. London: Gordon and Breach.
- Capes, C. E., McIlhinney, A. E., Sirianni, A. F., Puddington, I. E. (1973) Bacterial oxidation in upgrading pyritic coals, Can. Min. Metall. Bull. 66, 88–91.
- Chandra, D., Roy, P., Mishra, A. K., Chakrabarti, J. N., Sengupta, B. (1979) Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal, Fuel 58, 549–550.
- Cripps, R. E. (1973) The microbial metabolism of thiophen-2-carboxylate, Biochem. J. 134, 353–366.
- Detz, D., Barvinchak, G. (1979) Microbial desulfurisation of coal, Min. Congr. J. 65, 75–86.
- Deurbrouck, W., Hucko, R. E. (1981) Coal preparation, in: Chemistry of Coal Utilization, 2nd Suppl ( M. A. Elliot, Ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- DIN 51724–1: Prüfung fester Brennstoffe – Bestimmung des Schwefelgehaltes – Teil 1: Gesamtschwefel.
- DIN 51724–2: Prüfung fester Brennstoffe – Bestimmung des Schwefelgehaltes – Teil 2: Spezies.
- Dörr, H., Monostory, F. P., Seidel, M. (1981) Entschwefelung fester Brennstoffe im Kraftwerk mit supraleitenden Magneten, Glückauf 117, Heft 17a, 11–17.
- Engesser, K. H., Strubel, V., Christoglou, K., Fischer, P., Rast, H. G. (1989) Dioxygenolytic cleavage of aryl ether bonds: 1,10-dihydro-1,10-dihydrofluoren-9-one, novel arene dihydrodiol as evidence for angular dioxygenation of dibenzofuran, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 65, 205–210.
- Füchtbauer, H. (1988) Sedimente und Sedimentgesteine, Stuttgart: Schweitzerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, pp. 683–730.
- Gökcay, C. F., Yurteri, R. N. (1983) Microbial desulfurization of lignites by a thermophilic bacterium, Fuel 62, 1223–1224.
- Gray, R. N., Schapiro, N., Coe, G. D. (1963) Distribution and forms of sulfur in a high-volatile Pittsburgh seam coal, Trans. SME-AIME 226, 113–121.
- Heidenreich, H. (1954) Die Erfolgsrechnung im Aufbereitungsbetrieb, Essen: Verlag Glückauf.
- Hoffmann, M. R., Faust, B. G., Panda, F. A., Koo, H. H., Tsuchiya, H. M. (1981) Kinetics of the removal of iron pyrite from coal by microbial catalysis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42, 259–271.
-
Höne, H. J.,
Beyer, M.,
Ebner, H. G.,
Klein, J.,
Jüntgen, H.
(1987)
Microbial desulfurization of coal: development and application of a slurry reactor,
Chem. Eng. Technol. 3,
173–179.
10.1002/ceat.270100122 Google Scholar
- Huber, T. F., Kossen, N. W. F., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1983) Modelling design and scale-up of a reactor for microbial desulphurization of coal, in: Recent Progress in Biohydrometallurgy ( G. Rossi, E. Torma, Eds.), pp. 279–289. University of Cagliari.
- Huber, T. F., Ras, C., Kossen, N.W.F. (1984a) Design and scale-up of a reactor for the microbial desulfurization of coal: a kinetic model for bacterial growth and pyrite oxidation, in Proceedings, Third European Congress on Biotechnology, München, Vol. 3, pp. 151–159. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie.
- Huber, T. F., Kossen, N. W. F., Bos, P., Kuenen, J. G. (1984b) Design and scale-up of a rector for microbial desulfurization of coal: a regime analysis, in Innovations in Biotechnology, Progress in Industrial Microbiology ( E. H. Houwink, R. R. van der Meer, Eds.), Vol. 20, pp. 179–189. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- Hyman, D., Hammack, R., Finseth, D., Rhee, K. (1990) Biologically mediated heap leaching for coal depyritization, in: Proceedings, First International Symposium on the Biological Processing of Coal, pp. 3–101–3-111. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI GS-6970.
- Isbister, J. D., Kobylinski, E. A. (1985) Microbial desulfurization of coal, in: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Processing and Utilization of High Sulfur Coal, pp. 627–641. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
- ISO 334: Solid mineral fuels – Determination of total sulfur – Eschka Method.
- ISO 351: Solid mineral fuels – Determination of total sulfur – High Temperature Combustion Method.
- ISO 157: Coal – Determination of forms of sulfur.
- Jahrbuch Bergabau, Erdöl und Erdgas, Petrochemie, Elektrizität und Umweltschutz (2000) , p. 107. Essen: Jahrgang, Verlag Glückauf.
- Karavaiko, G.I., Kuznetzov, S.I., Golonizik, A. I. (1977) The bacterial leaching of metals from ores, Technicopy Ltd., Stonehause.
- Karayigit, A. I., Akgun, F., Gayer, R. A., Temel, A. (1999) Quality, palynology, and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the Ilgin lignite, Turkey, Int. J. Coal Geol. 35, 219–236.
- Kargi, F. (1982) Microbial coal desulfurization, Enzyme Microbiol. Technol. 4, 13–19.
- Kargi, F. (1984) Microbial desulfurization of coal, Biotechnol. Processes 3, 241–272.
- Kargi, F., Cervoni, T. D. (1983) An air-lift-recycle fermentor for microbial desulphurization of coal, Biotechnol. Lett. 5, 33–38.
- Kargi, F., Robinson, J. M. (1982) Microbial desulfurization of coal by thermophilic microorganism Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44, 878–883.
- Kilbane, J. J. (1990) Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 3, 69.
- Kim, T. S., Kim, H. Y., Kim, B. H. (1990) Petroleum desulfurization by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans M6 using electrochemically supplied reduction equivalent, Biotechnol. Lett. 12, 757–760.
- Klein, J. (1998) Technological and economic aspects of coal biodesulfurisation, Biodegradation 9, 293–300.
- Klein, J., Beyer, M., van Afferden, M., Hodek, W., Pfeifer, F., Seewald, H., Wolff-Fischer, E., Jüntgen, H. (1988) Coal in biotechnology, in: Biotechnology. Vol. 6b ( H. J. Rehm, G. Reed, Eds), pp. 497–567. Weinheim, Germany: Verlag Chemie.
- Klein, J., van Afferden, M., Pfeifer, F., Schacht, S. (1994) Microbial desulfurization of coal and oil, Fuel Proc. Technol. 40, 297–310.
- Klubek, B., Ochman, M., Nabe, S., Clark, D., Alam, K., Abdulrashid, N. (1988) Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal, Mineral Matters 10, 1–3.
- Kodama, K., Umehara, K., Shimizu, K., Nakatani, S., Minoda, Y., Yamada, K. (1973) Identification of microbial products from dibenzothiophene and its proposed oxidation pathway, Agric. Biol. Chem. 37, 45–50.
- Köhler, M., Genz, I. L., Schicht, B., Eckart, V. (1984) Mikrobielle Entschweffelung von Erdöl und schweren Erdölfraktionen: 4. Mitteilung: Anaerober Abbau organischer Schwefelverbindungen des Erdöls, Zbl. Mikrobiol. 139, 239–247.
- Kos, C. H., Buleveld, W., Grotenhuis, T., Bos, P., Poorter, R.P.E., Kuenen, J. G. (1983) Composition of mieral salts medium for microbial desulfurization of coal, in Recent Progress in Biohydrometallurgy ( G. Rossi, A. E. Torma, Eds.), pp. 479–490. Cagliari, Italy.
- Kubitza, K.-H., Wilczynski, P., Bogenschneider, B. (1987) Aufbereitung von Steinkohle in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Aufbereitungs-Technik, 1987, Nr. 3, 143–147.
- Loi, G., Mura, A., Trois, P., Rossi, G. (1994) The Porto Torres biodepyritization pilot plant: light and shade of one year operation, Fuel Proc. Technol. 40, 261–268.
- Malik, K.A. (1978) Microbial removal of organic sulfur from crude oil and the environment: some new perspectives, Process Biochem. 13, 10–13.
- Meyers, R. A. (1977) Coal Desulphurization, New York: Marcel Dekker.
- Miller, K. W. (1992) Reductive desulfurization of dibenzyldisulfide, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2176–2179.
- Monostory, F. P. (1974) Trennung schwach magnetischer Stoffe in Starkfeldscheidern, Aufbereitungstechnik 15, 84–92.
- Monostory, F. P. (1987) Umweltentlastende Maßnahmen in den Bereichen Bergewirtschaft und Kohlenqualität. Schlußbericht über das vom Ministerium für Wirtschaft, Mittelstand und Technologie des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen geförderte Untersuchungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben, Geschäftszeichen 65,12-132-2, Essen.
- Monticello, D. J., Finnerty, W. R. (1985) Microbial desulfurization of fossil fuels, Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 39, 371–389.
- Morrison, G. F. (1981) Chemical Desulphurization of Coal, London: IEA Coal Research.
- Myerson, A. S. (1981) Oxygen mass transfer requirements during growth of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on iron pyrite, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26, 92–99.
-
Olsen, T. M.,
Ashman, P. R.,
Torma, A. E.,
Murr, L. E.
(1980)
Desulfurization of coal by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, in: Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments ( P. A. Trudinger, M. R. Walter, B. J. Ralph, Eds.), pp. 693–703. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
10.1007/978-3-662-26582-6_76 Google Scholar
- Olson, G. J., Brinckmann, F. E. (1986) Bioprocessing of coal, Fuel 65, 1638–1646.
- Olson, G. J., Kelly, R. M. (1986) Microbial metal transformations: biotechnological applications and potential, Biotechnol. Prog. 2, 1–15.
- Querol, X. et al (1991) Distribution of sulfur in coals of the Teruel mining district, Spain, Int. J. Coal Geol. 27, 327–346.
- Rai, C. (1985) Microbial desulfurization of coals in a slurry pipeline reactor using Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Biotechnol. Prog. 1, 200–2044.
- Rai, C., Reyniers, J. P. (1988) Microbial desulfurization of coal by organisms of the genus Pseudomonas, Biotechnol. Prog. Xx, 225–230.
- Rinder, G., Beier, E. (1982) Mikrobiologische Entpyritisierung von Kohlen in Suspension, Erdöl Kohle Erdgas Petrochem. Brennst. Chem. 36, 170–174.
- Rossi, G. (1993) Coal depyritization achievements and problems, Fuel 72, 1581–1582.
- Runnion, K. N., Combi, J. D. (1990) Microbial removal of organic sulfur from coal, in: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Biological Processing of Coal, Orlando, FL: EPRI GS-6970:2/62-2/76.
- Schippers, A. (1998) Untersuchungen zur Schwefelchemie der biologischen Lugung von Metallsulfiden. Thesis, University of Hamburg.
- Schippers, A., Rhowerder, T., Sand, W. (1999) Intermediary sulfur compounds in pyrite oxidation: implications for bioleaching and biodepyritization of coal, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 52, 104–110.
- Schröder, R. (1992) Geochemische und statistische Untersuchungen zur Bindung und Verteilung der kohlenrelevanten Spurenelemente Arsen, Beryllium, Cadmium, Kobalt, Chrom, Kupfer, Quecksilber, Mangan, Molybdän, Nickel, Blei, Uran, Vanadium und Zink in Flözkohlen des Westfals des Ruhrgebiets, Aachen: Shaker Verlag.
- Shan, Z., Lu, M., Li, W. (1997) The Development and Perspective of Coal Preparation in China, in: Symposium, International Perspectives on Coal Preparation, Brisbane: Australian Coal Preparation Society.
- Sharp, F. A. (1992) Biologically mediated depyritization of large sized coal. Proceedings, Pittsburgh Coal Conference, September 1992, Pittsburgh, PA.
- Silvermann, M. P., Rogoff, M. H., Wender, I. (1961) Bacterial oxidation of pyritic materials in coal, Appl. Microbiol. Xx, 491–496.
- Singer, P. C., Stumm, W. (1970) Acidic mine drainage: the rate determining step, Science 167, 1121–1123.
- Stach, E., Mackowsky, M. T., Teichmüller, M., Taylor, H. G., Chandra, D., Teichmüller, R. (1982) Stach's Textbook of Coal Petrology, 3rd edn. Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebrüder Bornträger.
- Stainthorpe, A. C., Atkins, A. S. (1987) An investigation of the efficiency of biological additives for the suppression of pyritic sulfur during simulated broth flotation of coal. International Symposium on Biohydrometallurgy, 12–16 July, University of Warwick, UK.
- Stanbaugh, E. (1979) Desulfurization, in: Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology ( R. E. Kirk, D. F. Othmer, M. Grayson, D. Eckroth, Eds.), Vol. 6, pp. 306–324. New York: Wiley.
- Stevens, S. E., Burgess, W. D. (1989) Microbial desulfurization of coal. US Patent No. 48511350.
- Stoner, D. I., Wey, J. E., Barrett, K. B., Jolly, J. G., Wright, R. B., Dugan, P. R. (1990) Modification of water-soluble coal-derived products by dibenzothiophene-degrading microorganisms, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 2667–2676.
- Taylor, G. H., Liu, S. Y., Teichmüller, M. (1991) Bituminite – A TEM review, Int. J. Coal Geol. 18, 71–85.
- Torma, A. E. (1977) The role of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in hydrometallurgical processes, Adv. Biochem. Eng. 6, 1–37.
- van Afferden, M. (1991) Mikrobieller Abbau von Dibenzothiophene: Entschwefelung einer kohlerelevanten Modellverbindung. Thesis, University of Bonn, Germany.
- van Afferden, M., Schacht, S., Klein, J., Trüper, H. G. (1990) Degradation of dibenzothiophene by Brevibacterium sp. DO, Arch. Microbiol. 153, 324–328.
- von der Gathen, R. (1979) Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Entschwefelung von Steinkohle, Glückauf 115, 112–118.
- von der Gathen, R (1983) Produktverbesserung durch Verfahrensentwicklungen in der Steinkohlenaufbereitung, Glückauf 119, 1143–1148.
- Wandless, A. M. (1959) The occurrence of sulfur in British coals, J. Inst. Fuel 32, 258–266.
- Wender, I., Heredy, L. A., Neuworth, M. B., Dryden, I. G. C. (1981) Chemical reactions and constitution of coal, in: Chemistry of Coal Utilization, 2nd Suppl, ( M. A. Elliot, Ed.), pp. 425–521. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Wheelock, T. D. (1980) Status of chemical coal cleaning processes, in: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Coal Research, pp. 765–785. Essen: Steinkohlenbergbauverein.
- Yancey, H. F., Fraser, T. (1921) The Distribution of the Forms of Sulfur in the Coal Bed. Bulletin No. 125, p. 94. University of Illinois: Engineering Experimental Station.
- Zarubina, A. M., Lyalikova, N. N., Shmuk, E. I. (1959) Investigations of microbiological oxidation of coal pyrite, Izvest. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otdel. Tekh. Nauk Met. i Toplivo 1, 117–119.
- Zhongjian, S., Jiguang, G., Wenlin, L., Maixi, L. (1998) Coal preparation in China, in: Proceedings of the XIII International Coal Preparation Congress (Partridge, A. C., Partridge, I. R., Eds.), Paper B2. Brisbane, Australia.
- Zhou, S., Garbett, E. S., Boucher, R. F. (1996) Dry superconducting magnetic cleaning of pulverized coal, AIChE J., January 1996.
Citing Literature
Biopolymers Online: Biology • Chemistry • Biotechnology • Applications
Browse other articles of this reference work:
