Nondestructive Testing, 6. Nondestructive Testing in Civil Engineering

1.	Introduction
2.	Testing Requirements in Civil Engineering
3.	Validation
3.1.	Validation Process
3.2.	Handheld Test Methods
4.	Ultrasonic Pulse Echo
4.1.	Ultrasonic Echo Testing (UPE) of Concrete Elements
4.2.	Performance
4.3.	Spatial Resolution
4.4.	Tendon Duct Investigations
4.5.	Practical Application
5.	Impact Echo
6.	Radar in Civil Engineering
7.	Corrosion Detection
7.1.	Ground-Penetrating Radar
7.2.	Acoustic Emission (AE)
8.	Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL)
9.	Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
10.	Foundation Testing
10.1.	Low-Strain Pile Integrity Testing (PIT)
10.2.	Cross-Hole Sonic Logging (CSL)
10.3.	Parallel Seismics
10.4.	High-Strain Dynamic Testing
11.	Geophysical Methods

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