Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

Karl Cammann

Karl Cammann

Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik, Münster, Germany

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Bernd Ross

Bernd Ross

Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik, Münster, Germany

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Andreas Katerkamp

Andreas Katerkamp

Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik, Münster, Germany

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Jörg Reinbold

Jörg Reinbold

Institut für Chemo- und Biosensorik, Münster, Germany

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Bernd Gründig

Bernd Gründig

SensLab GmbH - Bioelektrochemische Sensoren, Leipzig, Germany

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Reinhard Renneberg

Reinhard Renneberg

Hong Kong University of Science & Technology - Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong, PR China

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First published: 15 January 2001
Citations: 2

Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction to the Field of Sensors and Actuators

2.

Chemical Sensors

2.1.

Introduction

2.2.

Molecular Recognition Processes and Corresponding Selectivities

2.2.1.

Catalytic Processes in Calorimetric Devices

2.2.2.

Reactions at Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces Influencing Surface or Bulk Conductivities

2.2.3.

Selective Ion Conductivities in Solid-State Materials

2.2.4.

Selective Adsorption - Distribution and Supramolecular Chemistry at Interfaces

2.2.5.

Selective Charge-Transfer Processes at Ion-Selective Electrodes (Potentiometry)

2.2.6.

Selective Electrochemical Reactions at Working Electrodes (Voltammetry and Amperometry)

2.2.7.

Molecular Recognition Processes Based on Molecular Biological Principles

2.3.

Transducers for Molecular Recognition: Processes and Sensitivities

2.3.1.

Electrochemical Sensors

2.3.1.1.

Self-Indicating Potentiometric Electrodes

2.3.1.2.

Voltammetric and Amperometric Cells

2.3.1.3.

Conductance Devices

2.3.1.4.

Ion-Selective Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs)

2.3.2.

Optical Sensors

2.3.2.1.

Fiber-Optical Sensors

2.3.2.2.

Integrated Optical Chemical and Biochemical Sensors

2.3.2.3.

Surface Plasmon Resonance

2.3.2.4.

Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy

2.3.3.

Mass-Sensitive Devices

2.3.3.1.

Introduction

2.3.3.2.

Fundamental Principles and Basic Types of Transducers

2.3.3.3.

Theoretical Background

2.3.3.4.

Technical Considerations

2.3.3.5.

Specific Applications

2.3.3.6.

Conclusions and Outlook

2.3.4.

Calorimetric Devices

2.4.

Problems Associated with Chemical Sensors

2.5.

Multisensor Arrays, Electronic Noses, and Tongues

3.

Biochemical Sensors (Biosensors)

3.1.

Definitions, General Construction, and Classification

3.2.

Biocatalytic (Metabolic) Sensors

3.2.1.

Monoenzyme Sensors

3.2.2.

Multienzyme Sensors

3.2.3.

Enzyme Sensors for Inhibitors - Toxic Effect Sensors

3.2.4.

Biosensors Utilizing Intact Biological Receptors

3.3.

Affinity Sensors - Immuno-Probes

3.3.1.

Direct-Sensing Immuno-Probes without Marker Molecules

3.3.2.

Indirect-Sensing Immuno-Probes using Marker Molecules

3.4.

Whole-Cell Biosensors

3.5.

Problems and Future Prospects

4.

Actuators and Instrumentation

5.

Future Trends and Outlook

The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties.