Filtration

1.	Terminology
2.	Filtration Models
2.1.	Cake Filtration: Calculation of the Pressure Drop
2.1.1.	Definition of Filter Resistance and Cake Permeability: The Darcy Equation
2.1.2.	The “Cake Filter Equation”
2.1.3.	Evaluation of Experiments with Linear Diagrams
2.1.4.	Compressible Cake Filtration
2.2.	Blocking Filtration and other Modes of Filtration
2.3.	Deep Bed Filtration
2.4.	Cross-Flow Filtration
3.	Washing of Filter Cakes
3.1.	Basic Effects, Mass Balances
3.2.	Example of Experimental Results
3.3.	Test Procedures and Pitfalls
3.4.	“Intermediate” Deliquoring before Cake Washing
4.	Deliquoring of Filter Cakes
4.1.	Deliquoring by Gas Pressure
4.1.1.	Equilibrium Saturation of Filter Cakes
4.1.2.	Kinetics of Deliquoring by Gas Pressure
4.1.3.	Approximate Solution for Coarse, Incompressible Cakes
4.1.4.	Practical Scale-Up of Deliquoring by Gas Pressure
4.1.5.	Shrinking and Cracks in Filter Cakes
4.2.	Deliquoring by Expression
5.	Optimal Cycle Time
6.	Understanding the Filter Resistance
6.1.	The Equation of Carman and Kozeny
6.2.	Interparticle Forces, DLVO Theory
6.3.	Mathematical Simulation of Cake Formation
7.	Solving Filtration Problems in Small-Scale Tests
7.1.	Laboratory Tests
7.2.	Handling of “Unfilterable” Suspension
8.	Filtration Equipment
8.1.	Bag Filters
8.2.	Belt Filters
8.3.	Candle Filters
8.4.	Deep-Bed Filters
8.5.	Disk Filters
8.6.	Drum Filters
8.7.	Leaf and Plate Filters
8.8.	Nutsche (Pan) Filters
8.9.	Pressure Plate Filters
8.10.	Tubular Filters
8.11.	Special Filter Types
9.	Filter Selection
10.	Filter Media
11.	Filter Aids

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