Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Properties of Polyethylenes

2.1.

Molecular Structure and Morphology

2.2.

General Properties

2.3.

High Molecular Mass (Bimodal) Polyethylene (HMWPE)

2.4.

Ultra High Molecular Mass Polyethylene (UHMWPE)

2.5.

Properties of Ethylene Copolymers

3.

Polymerization Chemistry

3.1.

Free-Radical Catalysis

3.1.1.

Introduction

3.1.2.

Copolymerization

3.2.

Coordination Catalysis

3.2.1.

Phillips Catalysts

3.2.2.

Ziegler Catalysts

3.2.3.

Single-Site Catalysts (Metallocenes)

3.2.4.

Copolymerization

4.

Raw Materials

4.1.

Ethylene

4.2.

Comonomers

4.3.

Other Materials

5.

Production Processes

5.1.

High-Pressure Process

5.1.1.

Autoclave Reactor

5.1.2.

Tubular Reactor

5.1.3.

High-Pressure Copolymers

5.1.4.

Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)

5.2.

Suspension (Slurry) Process

5.2.1.

Autoclave Process

5.2.2.

Loop Reactor Process

5.3.

Gas-Phase Process

5.4.

Solution Process

6.

Uses

6.1.

Film

6.2.

Extrusion Coating

6.3.

Blow Molding

6.4.

Injection Molding

6.5.

Pipe

6.6.

Wire and Cable Insulation

6.7.

Ethylene Copolymers

6.8.

Ultra High Modulus Polyethylene Fibers

6.9.

Joining Polyethylene

7.

Chemically Modified Polyethylenes

7.1.

Cross-Linked Polyethylene

7.2.

Chlorinated Polyethylene

7.3.

Fluorinated Polyethylene

8.

Environmental Aspects

8.1.

Manufacture

8.2.

Polymer Disposal and Recycling

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