Peptide Synthesis
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1. |
Introduction |
2. |
Fundamentals of Peptide Synthesis |
3. |
Strategies for Peptide Synthesis |
3.1. |
Solid-Phase Synthesis |
3.2. |
Microwave-Assisted Peptide Synthesis |
3.3. |
Combinatorial Synthesis of Peptides |
3.4. |
Peptide Arrays |
3.5. |
Other Synthetic Methods |
4. |
Chain-Growing-, and Side-Chain Protective Groups |
4.1. |
Protection of the α-Amino Functionality (“Transient Protection”) |
4.1.1. |
Base-Labile Protection of the α-Amino Functionality |
4.1.2. |
Acid-Labile Protection of the α-Amino Functionality |
4.1.3. |
Other Orthogonal Protective Groups for the α-Amino Functionality |
4.2. |
Side-Chain Protective Groups (“Permanent Protection”) |
4.2.1. |
Side-Chain Protective Groups for ω-Carboxylic acids (D, E) |
4.2.2. |
Side-Chain Protective Groups for Amides (N, Q) |
4.2.3. |
Side-Chain Protective Groups for Thioles and Thioethers (C, M) |
4.2.4. |
Side-Chain Protective Groups for the Imidazole Ring (H) |
4.2.5. |
Side-Chain Protection for the Guanidinium Group (R) |
4.2.6. |
Side-Chain Protective groups for ω-Amines (K) |
4.2.7. |
Side-Chain Protection for ω-Hydroxyl Groups (S, T, Y) |
4.2.8. |
Side-Chain Protection for Indole Groups (W) |
5. |
Coupling Methods—Formation of the Peptide Bond |
5.1. |
Diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC)/N-Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) Activation |
5.2. |
Active Ester Method |
5.3. |
Symmetrical/Asymmetrical (Mixed) Anhydride Method |
5.4. |
Aminium and Phosphonium Activation |
5.5. |
Acid Fluorides |
6. |
Side Reactions |
6.1. |
Enantiomerization, Oxazolone Formation |
6.2. |
Aspartimide Formation |
6.3. |
Ornithine- and δ-Lactam Formation |
7. |
Summary and Outlook |
