Parkinsonism Treatment
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Parkinsonism Treatment
Jana Hennemann, Wolfgang Schatton, Ralf H. Lyssy,
Ralf H. Lyssy
Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJana Hennemann, Wolfgang Schatton, Ralf H. Lyssy,
Ralf H. Lyssy
Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The article contains sections titles:
1. |
Introduction |
2. |
Therapy of Parkinson's Disease |
2.1. |
Centrally Acting Anticholinergic Drugs |
2.1.1. |
Tropane Alkaloids |
2.1.2. |
Piperidine Derivatives |
2.1.3. |
Phenothiazine Derivatives |
2.1.4. |
Antihistamines |
2.2. |
Drugs Affecting Brain Dopamine Levels |
2.2.1. |
Drugs That Increase Brain Dopamine Levels |
2.2.1.1. |
l-Dopa Monotherapy |
2.2.1.2. |
Peripheral Decarboxylase Inhibitors |
2.2.1.3. |
l-Dopa Derivatives |
2.2.1.4. |
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors |
2.2.1.5. |
Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase Inhibitors |
2.2.1.6. |
Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors |
2.2.2. |
Dopamine-Releasing Drugs |
2.2.2.1. |
Direct Release |
2.2.2.2. |
Dopamine Release by Glutamate Antagonists |
2.2.3. |
Dopamine Receptor Agonists |
3. |
New Developments |
Pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) has made remarkable progress over the past 50 years and can lead to significant improvement in the quality of life of PD patients. However, for some patients pharmacological therapy can be ineffective at alleviating PD symptoms. Furthermore, long-term usage of drugs, especially the gold standard levodopa, can lead to complications. Alternative nondrug therapies have been developed to avoid these difficulties. Transplantation of embryonic tissue did not meet the high expectations resulting from the first open label trials. Different procedures such as implantation of retinal epithelial cells or gene therapy are currently still part of clinical testing. Overall, a balanced application of the available therapies can improve PD symptoms for 15–25 years and guarantee a good to satisfactory quality of life and significantly increase the life expectancy of PD patients.
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Further Reading
-
J. E. Ahlskog:
Parkinson's Disease Treatment Guide for Physicians,
Oxford University Press,
USA,
2009
10.1093/oso/9780195371772.001.0001 Google Scholar
- G. Guten, J. Horne, M. Tagliati: Parkinson's Disease For Dummies, Wiley, For Dummies, NY, 2007
- G. Leader, L. Leader: Parkinsons Disease: Reducing the Symptoms with Nutrition and Drugs. Revised Edition, Denor Press, London, 2009
- S. P. Schwarz: Parkinson's Disease: 300 Tips for Making Life Easier, Demos Health, New York, 2006
- W. J. Weiner, L. M. Shulman, A. E. Lang: Parkinson's Disease: A Complete Guide for Patients and Families, 2nd ed., The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2006
