Abstract

The article contains sections titled:

1.

Introduction

2.

Technical Information

2.1.

Combustion in Otto Engines

2.2.

Knock Phenomena

2.3.

Octane Number

3.

Types of Octane Enhancers

4.

Metal-Containing Additives

4.1.

Alkyl Lead Compounds

4.2.

Methylcyclopentadienylmanganese Tricarbonyl

5.

Ashless Octane Enhancers

5.1.

Heteroatom-Based Components

5.1.1.

History of Fuel Oxygenates

5.1.2.

Properties of Oxygenates

5.1.3.

Production

5.1.4.

Toxicology

5.2.

Pure Hydrocarbon Components

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