Cereals
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1. |
Introduction |
2. |
Production |
2.1. |
Breeding |
2.2. |
Cultivation |
2.3. |
Handling |
3. |
Nutritional and Technological Properties |
3.1. |
Structure of Cereal Grains |
3.2. |
Composition of Cereals-Primary Constituents |
3.2.1. |
Starch |
3.2.2. |
Proteins |
3.2.3. |
Pentosans |
3.2.4. |
Lipids |
3.2.5. |
Secondary Constituents |
3.2.5.1. |
Cellulose |
3.2.5.2. |
β-Glucan |
3.2.5.3. |
Lignins |
3.2.5.4. |
Lignans |
3.2.5.5. |
Vitamins |
3.2.5.6. |
Mineral Matters and Phytate |
3.2.5.7. |
Tannins |
4. |
Standards in Grain Trade |
4.1. |
Test Weight (TW) |
4.2. |
1000 Kernel Weight (TKW) |
4.3. |
Besatz |
4.4. |
Dockage |
4.5. |
Foreign Material |
4.6. |
Sprout Damage |
4.7. |
Chemical Characteristics that Determine Wheat Quality |
5. |
Uses |
5.1. |
Human Food and Animal Feed |
5.1.1. |
Wheat |
5.1.2. |
Rice |
5.1.3. |
Maize (Corn) |
5.1.4. |
Other Cereals |
5.2. |
Importance of Whole Cereals, Refined Products, and Fortification for Nutrition, Health, and Requirement |
6. |
Processing |
6.1. |
Dry-Milling Process |
6.1.1. |
Wheat |
6.1.2. |
Rye |
6.1.3. |
Maize |
6.2. |
Dehulling |
6.3. |
Wet-Milling Process |
6.4. |
Extrusion Process |
7. |
Specific Properties and Use of Grains |
7.1. |
Wheat |
7.2. |
Rye |
7.3. |
Triticale |
7.4. |
Barley |
7.5. |
Oats |
7.6. |
Rice |
7.7. |
Sorghum and Millets |
7.8. |
Maize (Corn) |
7.9. |
Pseudocereals |
7.9.1. |
Buckwheat |
7.9.2. |
Amaranth |
7.9.3. |
Quinoa |
8. |
Economic Aspects and Outlook |