Batteries, 1. General
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
| 1. | Introduction |
| 2. | History |
| 3. | Fundamental Laws |
| 3.1. | Equilibrium or Thermodynamic Parameters |
| 3.2. | Current Flow, Kinetic Parameters |
| 3.2.1. | Electron Transfer |
| 3.2.2. | Tafel Lines |
| 3.2.3. | Influence of Temperature |
| 3.3. | Heat Effects |
| 3.3.1. | Reversible Heat Effect |
| 3.3.2. | Current Related Heat Effects (Joule Effect) |
| 3.3.3. | Heat Generation in Total |
| 3.4. | Heating of the Battery |
| 4. | Battery Properties and Characteristics |
| 4.1. | Cell and Battery |
| 4.1.1. | Active Material |
| 4.1.1.1. | Change of Volume |
| 4.1.1.2. | Change of Electrode Structure |
| 4.1.2. | Nonactive Components |
| 4.1.2.1. | Conducting Components |
| 4.1.2.2. | Nonconducting Components |
| 4.2. | Battery Parameters |
| 4.2.1. | Voltage |
| 4.2.2. | Capacity |
| 4.2.2.1. | Secondary Batteries |
| 4.2.2.2. | Primary Batteries |
| 4.2.3. | Energy Content |
| 4.2.4. | Internal Resistance and Power Output |
| 4.2.5. | Charge Parameters |
| 4.2.6. | Self-Discharge |
| 4.2.6.1. | Mixed Potential |
| 4.2.6.2. | Further Self-Discharge Mechanisms |
| 4.2.6.3. | Apparent Self-Discharge |
| 4.2.6.4. | Capacity Loss During Storage |
| 5. | Classification of Battery Systems |
| 5.1. | Classification by Electrolyte |
| 5.2. | Classification by Construction |
| 5.2.1. | External Construction |
| 5.2.2. | Internal Construction |
