Azo Dyes
Abstract
The article contains sections titled:
1. |
Introduction |
2. |
Production |
2.1. |
Diazotization and Coupling |
2.1.1. |
Diazotization |
2.1.2. |
Coupling |
2.2. |
Other Azo Group Syntheses |
2.2.1. |
Condensation of Nitro Compounds with Amines |
2.2.2. |
Reduction of Nitro Compounds |
2.2.3. |
Oxidation of Amino Compounds |
2.3. |
Synthesis from Azo Compounds |
2.3.1. |
Exposure of Concealed or Protected Amino Groups |
2.3.2. |
Acylation of Amino Azo Compounds |
2.3.3. |
Alkylation and Acylation of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups |
2.3.4. |
Metal-Complex Formation |
2.4. |
Processes without Industrial Importance |
2.4.1. |
Reduction of Diazonium Compounds |
2.4.2. |
Oxidative Coupling |
2.4.3. |
Dehydrogenation of Diarylhydrazines |
2.4.4. |
Reaction of Arylhydrazines with Quinones |
2.4.5. |
Condensation of Nitroso Compounds with Amines |
2.4.6. |
Azo Compounds from Azido Compounds |
2.5. |
Equipment for Industrial Production of Azo Dyes |
3. |
Anionic Azo Dyes |
3.1. |
Introduction |
3.2. |
Acid Azo Dyes |
3.2.1. |
Wool Dyes |
3.2.1.1. |
Monoazo Dyes |
3.2.1.2. |
Disazo Dyes |
3.2.1.3. |
Chrome Dyes |
3.2.1.4. |
Metal-Complex Dyes |
3.2.2. |
Polyamide Dyes |
3.2.3. |
Silk Dyes |
3.2.4. |
Leather Dyes |
3.2.5. |
Azo Food Dyes |
4. |
Direct (Substantive) Dyes |
4.1. |
Conventional Direct Dyes |
4.1.1. |
Monoazo Dyes |
4.1.2. |
Disazo Dyes |
4.1.2.1. |
Primary Disazo Dyes |
4.1.2.2. |
Secondary Disazo Dyes |
4.1.3. |
Trisazo Dyes |
4.1.4. |
Tetrakisazo Dyes |
4.1.5. |
Condensation Dyes |
4.1.6. |
Direct Dyes with a Urea Bridge |
4.1.7. |
Triazinyl Dyes |
4.1.8. |
Copper Complexes of Substantive Azo Dyes |
4.2. |
Direct Dyes with Aftertreatment |
4.2.1. |
Aftertreatment with Cationic Auxiliaries |
4.2.2. |
Aftertreatment with Formaldehyde |
4.2.3. |
Diazotization Dyes |
4.2.4. |
Aftertreatment with Metal Salts |
5. |
Cationic Azo Dyes |
5.1. |
Cationic Charge at the Coupling Component |
5.1.1. |
Polyamines as Coupling Components |
5.1.2. |
Heterocycles as Coupling Components |
5.1.3. |
Coupling Components with Alkylammonium Groups |
5.1.3.1. |
Coupling Components with Dialkylaminoalkyl Groups |
5.1.3.2. |
Aromatically Linked Trialkylammonium Groups |
5.1.3.3. |
Trialkylammoniumalkyl-Substituted Anilines |
5.1.3.4. |
Other Trialkylammoniumalkyl-Substituted Coupling Components |
5.1.4. |
Coupling Components with Dialkylhydrazinium Groups |
5.1.5. |
Coupling Components with Cyclic Ammonium Groups |
5.1.5.1. |
Heterocyclically Linked Cyclic Ammonium Groups |
5.1.5.2. |
Aliphatically Linked Cyclic Ammonium Groups |
5.1.6. |
Coupling Components with Condensed Cyclic Ammonium Residues |
5.1.7. |
Cyclic Ammonium Residues at the Azo Group |
5.1.8. |
Coupling Components with two Different Cationic Residues |
5.2. |
Cationic Charge in the Diazo Component |
5.2.1. |
Diazo Components with Aminoalkyl Moieties |
5.2.2. |
Diazo Components with Trialkylammonium Residues |
5.2.2.1. |
Aromatically Linked Trialkylammonium Residues |
5.2.2.2. |
Aliphatically Linked Trialkylammonium Residues |
5.2.3. |
Diazo Components with Cyclic Ammonium Residues |
5.2.3.1. |
Aromatically Linked Cyclic Ammonium Residues |
5.2.3.2. |
Aliphatically Linked Cyclic Ammonium Residues |
5.2.4. |
Diazo Components with two Different Cationic Residues |
5.2.5. |
Diazo Components with Aromatic Condensed Cyclic Ammonium Residues |
5.2.6. |
Cyclic Ammonium Compounds Linked in Meta Position to the Azo Group |
5.3. |
Different Cationic Charges in Both the Coupling and the Diazo Component |
5.4. |
Introduction of Cationic Substituents into Preformed Azo Dyes |
5.5. |
Cationic Dyes with Sulfur or Phosphorus as Charge-Carrying Atoms |
5.6. |
Dyes with Releasable Cationic Groups |
6. |
Developing Dyes |
6.1. |
Developing Dyes for Cotton |
6.1.1. |
Developing Dyes for Dyeing |
6.1.1.1. |
β-Naphthol Dyes |
6.1.1.2. |
Naphtol AS Dyes |
6.1.2. |
Developing Dyes for Printing |
6.2. |
Developing Dyes for Animal Fibers |
6.3. |
Developing Dyes for Hydrophobic Fibers |
7. |
Disperse Azo Dyes |
8. |
Azo Pigments |
9. |
Alcohol- and Ester-Soluble Dyes |
10. |
Fat- and Oil-Soluble Dyes |
