Adhesives

1.	Introduction
2.	Adhesion Theories
3.	Definitions
4.	Raw Materials for Adhesives
5.	Classification of Adhesives
6.	Individual Adhesive Systems
6.1.	Adhesives That Set Without a Chemical Reaction
6.1.1.	Solvent-Free Adhesive Systems
6.1.2.	Adhesive Solutions from Which the Solvents Escape before Bonding
6.1.3.	Adhesive Solutions from Which the Solvents Evaporate during Bonding
6.1.4.	Aqueous Emulsions of Polymeric Compounds
6.2.	Adhesives Setting by Chemical Reaction
6.2.1.	Adhesives Setting by Polymerization
6.2.2.	Adhesives Setting by Polyaddition
6.2.3.	Adhesives Setting by Polycondensation
6.2.4.	Vulcanizing Adhesives
6.2.5.	Ultraviolet/Electron Beam (UV/EB) Curing Adhesives
6.2.6.	Conductive Adhesives
7.	Bonding Techniques
8.	Testing of Adhesives
9.	Applications of Adhesives
9.1.	Bookbinding
9.2.	Adhesives for Packaging and Packaging Materials
9.3.	Nonwovens Hygiene Industry
9.4.	Hygienic Papers
9.5.	Gluing of Wood and Wooden Materials
9.6.	Footwear Adhesives
9.7.	Bonding of Plastics
9.8.	Bonding of Elastomers
9.8.1.	Adhesion of Rubber
9.8.2.	Bonding of Rubber
9.9.	Bonding of Metals
9.10.	Adhesives for Wallcoverings
9.11.	Floorcovering Adhesives
9.12.	Building Construction Adhesives
9.13.	Adhesives for Bonding Textile Fabrics
9.14.	Flocking Adhesives
9.15.	Adhesives for Bonding Glass
9.16.	Adhesives in Automobile Manufacture
9.17.	Adhesives in Aircraft Construction
9.18.	Adhesives and Sealants in Electronics
9.19.	Medical Adhesives
9.20.	Household Adhesives and Do-It-Yourself Products
9.20.1.	Household Adhesives
9.20.2.	Do-It-Yourself Products
9.21.	Applications of Anaerobic Adhesives
10.	Economic Aspects

References

1 Neue polymere Werkstoffe 1969-1974, Hanser Verlag, München - Wien 1975.
Google Scholar
2 M. Michel: Adhäsion und Klebtechnik, Hanser Verlag, München 1969.
Google Scholar
3 National Materials Advisory Board, National Research Council: Treatise of Adhesion und Adhesives (“Structrual Adhesives with Emphasis on Aerospace Applications”), vol. 4, Marcel Dekker, New York-Basel 1976.
Google Scholar
4 J. J. Bikerman: The Science of Adhesive Joints, 2nd ed., Academic Press, New York-London 1968.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
5 C. Heitler in D. J. Alner (ed.): Aspects of Adhesion, vol. 4, University of London Press, London-Liverpool-Prescot 1968, p. 73.
Google Scholar
6 K. W. Allen in D. J. Alner (ed.): Aspects of Adhesion, vol. 5, University of London Press, London-Liverpool-Prescot 1969, p. 11.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
7 N. J. DeLollis in Ch. V. Cagle (ed.): Handbook of Adhesive Bonding, McGraw-Hill, New York 1973, pp. 2/1 – 2/16.
Google Scholar
8 W. C. Wake, Polymer 19 (1978) no. 3, 291.
10.1016/0032-3861(78)90223-9
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
9 B. V. Deryagin, N. A. Krotova, V. P. Smilga: Adhesion of Solids, Consultants Bureau, New York-London 1978.
10.1007/978-1-4615-8189-5
Google Scholar
10 W. A. Zisman, Ind. Eng. Chem. 55 (1963) 18.
10.1021/ie50646a003
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
11 L. H. Shorpe, H. Schonhorn, Adv. Chem. Ser. 43 (1964) 189.
10.1021/ba-1964-0043.ch012
Google Scholar
12 R. J. Good in R. L. Patrick (ed.): Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York 1967, pp. 9 – 65.
Google Scholar
13 D. H. Kaelble: Physical Chemistry of Adhesion, Wiley-Interscience, New York 1971.
Google Scholar
14 R. H. Ottewill in D. J. Alner (ed.): Aspects of Adhesion, vol. 2, University of London Press, Liverpool-London-Prescot 1966, p. 9.
Google Scholar
15 W. A. Zisman in P. Weiss (ed.): Adhesion and Cohesion, Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York 1962, p. 176.
Google Scholar
16 R. Köhler: “Fortschritte der Klebtechnik in den letzten zehn Jahren,” Chem Ing. Tech. 42 (1970) no. 9/10, 599.
10.1002/cite.330420905
Web of Science® Google Scholar
17 A. Korolew, V. J. Bek, N. A. Grishin, Vysokomol. Soedin. 4 (1962).
Google Scholar
18 A. H. Walter, Plaste Kautsch. 17 (1970) no. 8, 601.
CAS Google Scholar
19 S. S. Voyutskii: Autohesion and Adhesion of High Polymers, Interscience, New York-London-Sydney 1963.
Google Scholar
20 R. M. Vasenin: Adhesion, Fundamentals and Practice, Ministry of Technology, MacLaren, London 1969.
Google Scholar
21 J. R. Huntsberger in R. L. Patrick (ed.): Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 1, Marcel Dekker, New York 1967, p. 136 – 137.
Google Scholar
22 R. Köhler, Adhäsion 3 (1972) 66.
Google Scholar
23 W. Brockmann: “Grundlagen und Stand der Metallklebtechnik,” VDI-Taschenbücher T 22, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1971, pp. 6 – 9.
Google Scholar
24 DIN 16920, Klebstoffverarbeitung (Processing of Adhesives), June 1981.
Google Scholar
25 S. Semerdjiev: Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Bonding, Business Books, London 1970.
Google Scholar
26 J. Shields: Adhesives Handbook, 2nd ed., Newnes-Butterworths, London 1976.
Google Scholar
27 Inter. Isocyanate Institute Inc.: Recommendations for Handling Aromatic Isocyanates, New York 1976.
Google Scholar
28 Adhes. Age 25 (Aug. 1982) 30 – 31.
Google Scholar
29 I. Skeist: Handbook of Adhesive 3rd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1985.
Google Scholar
30 R. Köhler, Kunststoffe 48 (1958) 441.
CAS Google Scholar
31 R. Köhler, Adhäsion 16 (1972) 41.
Google Scholar
32 H. Lucke: Kunststoffe und ihre Verklebung, Verlag Brunke Garrels, Hamburg 1967.
Google Scholar
33 D. L. Bateman: Hot Melt Adhesives, 3rd ed., Noyes Data Corp., New Jersey, USA, 1978.
Google Scholar
34 Teroson, DE 24 54 235, 1974 (Kösters).
Google Scholar
35 G. F. Abele: Hochfrequenz Schweißtechnik, Zechner-Hurlig Verlag, Speyer 1973, pp. 387 – 391.
Google Scholar
36 D. Sates (ed.): Handbook of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Technology, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1982.
Google Scholar
37 J. A. Radley (ed.): Industrial Uses of Starch and its Derivates, Applied Science Publ., London 1976.
Google Scholar
38 Blattman & Co., CH 256 502, 1949 (Meier).
Google Scholar
39 Henkel, DE 1 811 466, 1978 (Muszik, Dierichs).
Google Scholar
40 R. Houwink, G. Salomon (eds.): Adhesion and Adhesives, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Chap. 2, Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York 1965.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
41 H. Reinhard: “Dispersionen synthetischer Hochpolymerer,” part II: Anwendungen, Chemie, Physik und Technologie der Kunststoffe in Einzeldarstellungen, vol. 14, Springer Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg 1969.
Google Scholar
42 R. L. Patrick (ed.): Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 2: Materials, Marcel Dekker, New York 1969.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
43 Lord Corp., DE 2 136 337, 1971 (Duston).
Google Scholar
44 L. Skeist (ed.): Handbook of Adhesives, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1977.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
45 Ch. Gloxhuber, J. Galinke, Chem. Ing. Tech. 40 (1968) 485 – 486.
Google Scholar
46 V. K. Krieble, US 2 895 950, 1959.
Google Scholar
47 H. Lee, K. Neville: Handbook of Epoxy Resins, Chap. 21 McGraw Hill Book Comp. (1967)
Google Scholar
48 L. Jackson, Adhes. Age 6, (1963) 34.
Google Scholar
49 R. J. Arnold, Mod. Plast. 41 (1964) 149 – 160.
CAS Google Scholar
50 B. A Dombrow: Polyurethanes, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1957.
Google Scholar
51 R. M. Carvey, Adhes. Age 24 (1968) 35 – 37.
Google Scholar
52 W. M. Ramsay: Epoxy and Urethane Adhesives, Palmerton Publ. Co., New York 1971.
Google Scholar
53 H. Lee, D. Stoffey, K. Neville: New Linear Polymers, McGraw Hill, New York 1967, p. 207.
Google Scholar
54 Henkel, DE 204 1126, 1970 (Klement, Budnowski, Lachmann).
Google Scholar
55 K. Katz, C. V. Cagle: Adhesive Materials, Forster Publ. Co, Long Beach, USA, 1971.
Google Scholar
56 W. H. Cobbs, Adhes. Age 22 (Dec. 1979) 31 – 36.
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
57 W. Brockmann: “Grundlagen u. Stand der Metallklebtechnik,” VDI Taschenbücher T 22, VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1971.
Google Scholar
58 “Testing of Adhesives”, TAPPI Monogr. Ser. 1974, no. 35.
Google Scholar
59 American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Google Scholar
60 Deutsches Institut f. Normung, Berlin, s.a. DIN-Normblattverzeichnis (annual) Beuth Verlag, Berlin-Köln.
Google Scholar
61 British Standards Institution, London WI, GB.
Google Scholar
62 International Standards Organisation Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Google Scholar
63 R. L. Patrick (ed.): Treatise on Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 2: Materials, Marcel Dekker, New York 1969.
Google Scholar
64 F. Kollmann: Furnier, Lagenhölzer und Tischlerplatten, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1962.
10.1007/978-3-642-92834-5
Google Scholar
65 F. Kollmann, E. Kuenzi, A. Stamm: Principles of Wood Science and Technology, Springer Verlag, Berlin-New York 1975.
10.1007/978-3-642-87931-9
Google Scholar
66 H. Baumann: Leime und Kontaktkleber, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1967.
10.1007/978-3-642-92929-8
Google Scholar
67 R. Köhler, L. Skark: “Duroplastische Kunststoffe für die Holzverleimung und Holzveredlung,” in Kunststoffhandbuch, vol. X, Hanser Verlag, München 1968.
Google Scholar
68 C. Schuller: “Handwerkliche und industrielle Verleimungstechnik im Vergleich,” Bau Möbelschreiner 5 (1981) 33 – 36.
Google Scholar
69 “Kunststoffrohre für den Bau”, Kunstst. Bau 16 (1981) no. 2, 87 – 93.
Google Scholar
70 Kleben von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, DVS-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1993.
Google Scholar
71 Klebeanleitung PVC Druckrohre, Verklebung mit THF-Klebestoff, Kunststoffrohrverein e.V., Bonn 1985.
Google Scholar
72 R. Nowack, E. Barth: “Kunststoffrohrleitungen im Bereich der Verfahrenstechnik,” 3 R international 20 (1981) no. 6/7, 337 – 353.
Google Scholar
73 H. Fühn: “Kunststoffrohre aus PVC-hart in der Gasverteilung,” 3 R international 17 (1978) no. 10, 611 – 615.
Google Scholar
74 G. Poschet, I. Zöhren: “Chemikalienbeständigkeit von Klebverbindungen,” Schweißen + Schneiden 31 (1979) no. 8, 332 – 335.
CAS Google Scholar
75 W. Trautvetter: “Über chloriertes PVC,” Kunstst. Plast. 13 (1966) no. 2, 54 – 58.
CAS Google Scholar
K. Binder, J. Fabing: Beständigkeit von PVC/PVC und PVC/Aluminiumverklebungen gegen verschiedenartige äußere Einflüsse, sterreichisches Kunststoffinstitut, Wien. Adhesives for Pipes and Tiltings of Unplasticized PVC, ISO 19E, 20E, 21E, International Standard Organisation. P. Benjamin: “Quality and Quality Control of Unplasticized Polyvinylchloride (uPVC) Pressure Pipes,” Plast. Rubber: Mater. Appl.5 (1980) no. 4, 151 – 160.
Google Scholar
76 S. Boström: Kautschuk-Handbuch, vol. 4, Berliner Union, Stuttgart 1961, p. 120.
Google Scholar
77 S. Buchan: Rubber-to-Metal Bonding, Crosby Lockwood, London 1959.
Google Scholar
78 G. Klement, Gummi Asbest + Kunstst. 24 (1971) 430 – 444.
CAS Google Scholar
79 DeCrease: Rubber World 158 (1968) no. 1, 555 – 557.
Google Scholar
80 R. N. Özelli, H. Scheer: Gummi Asbest + Kunstst. 27 (1974) 612 – 618.
Google Scholar
81 C. V. Cagle: Adhesive Bonding, Techniques and Applications, McGraw-Hill, New York 1968.
Google Scholar
82 A. Matting: Metallkleben, Springer Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg 1969.
10.1007/978-3-642-92982-3
Google Scholar
83 T. R. J. Schlieckelmann: Metallkleben - Konstruktion und Fertigung in der Praxis, Deutscher Verlag f. Schweißtechnik, Düsseldorf 1972.
Google Scholar
84 Annual Book of ASTM Standards 1971, part 16, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Google Scholar
85 Military Specifications U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force Superintendent of Documents Washington 25, D.C.
Google Scholar
86 P. Wahl: Handbuch Tapezieren-Kleben-Spannen, Deutsche Verlagsanstalt, Stuttgart 1974
Google Scholar
87 (ed.): Technische Richtlinien für Maler- und Lackierarbeiten, Nr. 16, Frankfurt 1976.
Google Scholar
88 P. Fickeisen, R. Füßl, R. Hummerich, I. Neumann, Adhäsion 42 (1998) no. 1/2, 24 – 29.
Google Scholar
89 D. Urban, E. Wistuba in D. Distler (ed.): Wäßrige Polymerdispersionen, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany 1999, pp. 150 – 154.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
90 Rohm & Haas, Adhäsion 42 (1998) no. 1/2, 25 – 29.
Google Scholar
91 European Adhesives & Sealants, 6 (1997) 28.
Google Scholar
92 G. Blunk, KIB Kunstst. Bau 9 (1968) 17 – 20.
Google Scholar
93 G. Tauber, Seifen Öle Fette Wachse 92 (1966) 899 – 908.
CAS Google Scholar
94 M. Michel, Tech. Mitt. 65 (1972) 590 – 594.
Google Scholar
95 F. Mang, Adhäsion 23 (1979) no. 1, 4 – 9.
Google Scholar
96 R. Hinterwaldner, Holzzentralbl. 107 (1981) 180 – 181.
Google Scholar
97 R. Hinterwaldner, Adhäsion 21 (1977) no. 1, 13 – 20.
CAS Google Scholar
98 R. Petri, Boden Wand Decke 1977, no. 11, 65 – 72.
Google Scholar
99 S. Schaaf, Textilveredlung 9 (1974) 14 – 25.
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
100 S. Schaaf, H. Luthi, Textilveredelung 11 (1976) 348 – 351.
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
101 D. V. Kamat, Text. Chem. Color. 5 (1973) 25 – 27.
Google Scholar
102 E. de Jong, Adhäsion 19 (1975) 317 – 324.
CAS Google Scholar
103 S. Schaaf, Am. Dyest. Rep. 61 (1972) 31 – 40.
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
D. E. Peermann, Adhes. Age 24 (1981) no. 12, 23 – 27.
Google Scholar
104 U. Maag, Adhäsion 20 (1976) 173 – 177, 206 – 209.
Google Scholar
105 W. Eichler, Silikattechnik 17 (1966) 227 – 228
CAS Google Scholar
106 W. Moebes, A. Wende, Plaste Kautsch. 9 (1962) 232 – 236
CAS Google Scholar
107 W. Dümig, F. Geyer, Adhäsion 22 (1978) no. 3, 70 – 74;
Google Scholar
22 (1978) no. 4, 107 – 118;
Google Scholar
22 (1978) no. 5, 145 – 147; 22 (1978) no. 8, 252 – 261;
Google Scholar
22 (1978) no. 9, 288 – 291.
Google Scholar
108 R. Becker, Plaste Kautsch. 14 (1967) 96 – 98.
CAS Google Scholar
109 F. Moser: “Bonding Glass,” Handbook of Adhesives, Reinhold, New York 1962.
Google Scholar
110 Coating 2 (1969) 182.
Google Scholar
111 W. Brockmann, Adhäsion 22 (1978) 107 – 108.
CAS Google Scholar
112 J. Schütte: Der Luftschiffbau Schütte Lanz 1909 – 1925, R. Oldenbourg, München 1926.
Google Scholar
113 R. Houwink, G. Salomon: Adhesion and Adhesives, Elsevier, Amsterdam-London-New York 1965.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
114 E. Golf: “De Havilland Hornet,” Aircraft Prod. 8 (1946) no. 4, 211.
Google Scholar
115 R. J. Schliekelmann: “Operational Experience with Adhesive Bonded Structures,” in: Bonded Joints and Preparation for Bonding, AGARD-Lecture Ser. 1979, no. 102, 1 – 1/1 – 30.
Google Scholar
116 R. J. Schliekelmann: Metallkleben-Konstruktion und Fertigung, DVS-Fachbuchreihe Schweißtechn., vol. 60, Deutscher Verlag f. Schweißtechnik, Düsseldorf 1972.
Google Scholar
117 E. Thrall: “Failures in Adhesively Bonded Structures,” in: Bonded Joints and Preparation for Bonding, AGARD-Lecture Ser. 1979, no. 102, 5 – 1/5 – 89.
Google Scholar
118 J. E. Mc Carty: “Application of Advanced Structures and Materials to Transport Aircraft Fuselages,” 15th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, AIAA, New York 1974.
Google Scholar
119 A. Bethune: “Die Beständigkeit geklebter Aluminiumkonstruktionen,” Adhäsion 20 (1982) no. 12, 347.
Google Scholar
120 W. Brockmann, O.-D. Hennemann, H. Kollek: “Surface Properties and Adhesion in Bonding Aluminium Alloys by Adhesives,” Int. J. Adhesion 2 (1982) no. 1, 33/40.
Google Scholar
121 D. Schulz: “Airbus-Seitenruder in Faserverbundwerkstoffen,” K Kunststoffberater 1982, no. 4, 18/28.
Google Scholar
122 W. E. Quist, G. H. Narayanan, A. L. Wingert: “Aluminium-Lithium Alloys for Aircraft Structure, an Overview,” 2. International Aluminium-Lithium Conf., Monterey, 12. 4. – 14. 4. 1983.
Google Scholar
123 Skeist Laboratories Inc., Livingston New Jersey.
Google Scholar
124 Japan Adhesive Industry Assoc., Tokyo.
Google Scholar
125 Frost & Sullivan Inc., New York.
Google Scholar
126 Stat. Bundesamt Wiesbaden, FRG.
Google Scholar
127 Strategic Analysis, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA.
Google Scholar
128 Industrial Aids, London, GB.
Google Scholar
129 E. H. Schindel-Bidinelli, W. Gutherz: Konstruktives Kleben, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Germany 1998, pp. 1 – 4.
Google Scholar
R. Houwink, G. Salomon: Adhesion and Adhesives, vol. 1: Adhesives, Elsevier, Amsterdam – London – New York 1965, pp. 1, 543 – 546.
Google Scholar
130 G. Habenicht: Kleben, 3rd ed., Springer, Berlin 1997, p. 295.
10.1007/978-3-662-08087-0
Google Scholar
131 W. Brockmann, J. Adh. 37 (1992) 173 – 179.
10.1080/00218469208031259
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
132 EN 923, Adhesives — Terms and definitions, January 1998
Google Scholar
133 DIN EN 233, Feb. 1997
Google Scholar
DIN 234, Feb. 1997;
Google Scholar
DIN 235, “Wandbekleidungen in Rollen,” Oct. 1989.
Google Scholar
134 G. S. Haviland: Machinery Adhesives for Locking, Retaining and Sealing, Marcel Dekker, New York 1986.
Google Scholar
135 C. W. Boeder in S. R. Hartshorn (ed.): Structural Adhesives Chemistry and Technology, Chapter 5, Plenum, New York 1986, pp. 217 – 247.
10.1007/978-1-4684-7781-8_6
Google Scholar
136 J. M. Rooney, B. M. Malofsky in I. Skeist (ed.): Handbook of Adhesives, 3rd. ed., Chapter 26, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 1990, pp. 451 – 462.
10.1007/978-1-4613-0671-9_26
Google Scholar
137 R. D. Rich in A. Pizzi, K. Mittal (eds.): Handbook of Adhesive Technology, Chapter 29, Marcel Dekker, New York 1994, pp. 467 – 479.
Google Scholar
138 D. J. Stamper, Brit. Polymer J. 15 (1983) 34 – 39.
10.1002/pi.4980150109
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
139 Y. Okamoto, J. Adhesion 32 (1990) 227 – 235.
10.1080/00218469008030406
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
140 Y. Okamoto, J. Adhesion 32 (1990) 237 – 244.
10.1080/00218469008030407
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
141 T. Okamoto, H. Matsuda, Nippon Setchaku Kyokaishi 20 (1984) no. 10, 468 – 471.
CAS Google Scholar
142 S. J. Hudak, F. J. Boerio, P. J. Clark, Y. Okamoto, Surface and Interface Analysis 15 (1990) 167 – 172.
10.1002/sia.740150218
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
143 General Electric, US 2 628 178, 1950 (R. E. Burnett, B. W. Nordlander).
Google Scholar
144 American Sealants, US 2 895 950, 1957 (V. K. Krieble).
Google Scholar
145 Loctite, US 3 300 547, 1964, (J. W. Gorman, B. W. Nordlander).
Google Scholar
146 Loctite, US 3 425 988, 1965 (J. W. Gorman, A. S. Toback).
Google Scholar
147 Loctite, US 4 018 851, 1975, US 4 295 909, 1980, US 4 309 526, 1980 (L. J. Baccei).
Google Scholar
148 Loctite, US 3 435 012, 1965 (B. W. Nordlander).
Google Scholar
149 Princeton Chemical Research, US 3 428 614, US 3 451 980, 1966 (A. M. Brownstein).
Google Scholar
150 Princeton Chemical Research, US 3 595 969, 1969 (T. H. Shepherd, F. E. Gould).
Google Scholar
151 Eschem, US 4 209 604, 1976, US 4 431 787, 1981 (G. P. Werber).
Google Scholar
152 Three Bond, JP 44 007 541, 1969 (S. Kiyono, R. Ogawa).
Google Scholar
153 Three Bond, US 3 890 273, 1974 (T. Saito).
Google Scholar
154 Henkel, US 3 642 750, 1967 (B. Wegemund, J. Galinke).
Google Scholar
155 Rohm und Haas, US 4 234 711, 1978 (W. D. Emmons, V. J. Moser).
Google Scholar
156 Dow Corning, US 4 035 355, 1975 (R. H. Baney, O. W. Marko).
Google Scholar
157 Toshiba Silicone, EP 467 160, 1992 (F. Tetsuo, T. Masahiro, E. Isao).
Google Scholar
158 Loctite, US 5 605 999, 1995 (H.-K. Chu, R. D. Rich, I. D. Crossan, R. P. Cross).
Google Scholar
159 Loctite, US 5 635 546, 1996 (R. D. Rich, E. Maandi, P. M. Gontarz, H.-K. Chu).
Google Scholar
160 Toagosei, US 3 925 322, 1974 (K. Azuma et al.).
Google Scholar
161 Borden, US 3 795 641, 1971 (W. A. Lees, D. J. Bennet, J. R. Swire, P. Harding).
Google Scholar
162 American Sealants, US 3 041 322, 1959 (V. K. Krieble).
Google Scholar
163 American Sealants, US 3 046 262, 1960 (V. K. Krieble).
Google Scholar
164 Loctite, US 3 218 305, 1963 (V. K. Krieble).
Google Scholar
165 Loctite, US 4 180 640, 1977 (D. P. Melody, D. A. Doherty, J. F. O′Grady, R. D. Rich).
Google Scholar
166 Loctite, US 4 287 330, US 4 321 330, 1975 (R. D. Rich).
Google Scholar
167 Henkel, US 3 984 385, 1975 (W. Gruber, J. Galinke, J. Keil).
Google Scholar
168 Henkel, US 3 985 943, 1974 (W. Gruber, J. Galinke, J. Keil).
Google Scholar
169 W. R. Grace, US 4 429 063, 1982 (K. Reich).
Google Scholar
170 Loctite, US 4 513 127, 1984 (A. F. Jacobine).
Google Scholar
171 Loctite, US 4 622 348, 1984 (A. F. Jacobine, D. M. Glaser).
Google Scholar
172 American Sealants, US 3 043 820, 1960 (R. H. Krieble).
Google Scholar
173 Loctite, US 4 038 475, 1975 (E. Frauenglass, G. P. Werber).
Google Scholar
174 Loctite, US 3 625 875, 1968 (E. Frauenglass, W. E. Cass).
Google Scholar
175 Loctite, US 3 547 851, 1968 (E. Frauenglass).
Google Scholar
176 Borden, US 3 419 512, 1965 (W. A. Lees, J. R. Swire).
Google Scholar
177 Loctite, US 3 794 610, 1971 (A. G. Bachman).
Google Scholar
178 Borden, US 4 138 449, 1976 (T. R. Baldwin, D. J. Bennett, W. A. Lees).
Google Scholar
179 Loctite, US 3 988 299, 1975 (B. M. Malofsky).
Google Scholar
180 L. J. Baccei, B. M. Malofsky, Polym. Sci. Technol. 29 (1984) 589 – 601.
CAS Google Scholar
181 Loctite, US 4 813 714, 1988 (C. B. Fairey, E. Frauenglass, L. W. Vincent).
Google Scholar
182 Loctite, U.S. Patent 3 591 438, 1968 (A. S. Toback, J. T. O'Conner).
Google Scholar
183 Loctite, US 3 616 040, 1968 (A. S. Toback).
Google Scholar
184 Loctite, US 3 625 930, 1967 (A. S. Toback, W. E. Cass).
Google Scholar
185 H. Onusseit, Adhesives & Sealants Agenda Europe, Campden Publishing, London 1997, p. 78.
Google Scholar
186 H. Onusseit, Bindereport (1997) no. 6, p. 373 – 381.
Google Scholar
187 H. Onusseit, European Adhesives & Sealant (1990) no. 3, p. 26 – 32.
Google Scholar
188 H. Onusseit, Binderreport (1996) no. 9, p. 465 – 473.
Google Scholar
189 P. Allbericci: “Aerospace Applications” in A. J. Kinlock (ed.): Durability of Structural Adhesives, Chap. 8, Applied Science Publishers, London 1983.
Google Scholar
190 E. W. Thrall, R. W. Shannon (eds.): Adhesive Bonding of Aluminum Alloys, Marcel Dekker, New York – Basel 1985.
Google Scholar
191 W. Brockmann, O.-D. Hennemann, H. Kollek, C. Matz, “Adhesion in Bonded Aluminum Joints for Aircraft Construction”, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 6 (1986) 115 – 143.
10.1016/0143-7496(86)90016-3
CAS Google Scholar
192 EN 2243 – 2, Aerospace series, Structural Adhesives, Test Methods, Peel Metal – Metal, AECMA, Bruxelles.
Google Scholar
193 EN 2243 – 6, Aerospace series, Structural Adhesives, Test Methods, Determination of Shear Stress and Shear Strain, AECMA, Bruxelles.
Google Scholar
194 US 3 959 091, 1971 (Y. Moji, J. A. Marceau).
Google Scholar
195 C. W. Matz, “Optimization of the Durability of Structural Titanium Adhesive Joints”, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 8 (1988) 17 – 24.
10.1016/0143-7496(88)90053-X
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
196 Y. Ika: “Tissue Adhesives,” in C. C. Chu, J. A. von Fraunhofer, H. P. Greisler (eds.): Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1996, pp. 317 – 346.
Google Scholar
197 D. Sierra, R. Slatz (eds.): Surgical Adhesives and Sealants, Technomic Publishing Company, Lancaster, PA 1996.
Google Scholar
198 G. Lewis, J. Biomed Mater. Res. (Appl. Biomater.) 38 (1997) 155 – 182.
10.1002/(SICI)1097-4636(199722)38:2<155::AID-JBM10>3.0.CO;2-C
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
199 (ed.): Loctite Worldwide Design Handbook, 1996/97 ed., 1995.
Google Scholar
200 J. H. Bickford: An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, 2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, New York 1990, p. 462 – 463.
Google Scholar
201 C. L. Brett, Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. 2 (1982) no. 1, 19 – 24.
10.1016/0143-7496(82)90062-8
CAS Google Scholar
202 E. Maandi, R. D. Rich, Scientific Computing and Automation (1994) Aug., 23 – 27.
Google Scholar

Citing Literature

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

Browse other articles of this reference work:

Adhesives

This is not the most recent version, view other versions

Adhesives, 2. Applications

Adhesives, 1. General

Adhesives

Adhesives

Abstract

References

Citing Literature

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Adhesives

This is not the most recent version, view other versions

Adhesives, 2. Applications

Adhesives, 1. General

Adhesives

Adhesives

Abstract

References

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information