Flame Retardants
Edward D. Weil,
Edward D. Weil
Polytechnic Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorEdward D. Weil,
Edward D. Weil
Polytechnic Institute, New York University, New York, NY, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Flame retardants believed to be in actual use, recently discontinued, or believed to be under commercial development, are surveyed and classified by main chemical types: inorganic, halogenated (organic), phosphorus-based, sulfur-based, and nitrogen-based. Both additive and reactive types are discussed. Mode of action and environmental factors are briefly discussed. Evidence for the value of flame retardants for life safety is presented. The use of high molecular weight additives, reactives, or inorganic additives is shown as a current strategy for avoiding environmental concerns.
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The previous (2004) version of “Flammability” by the present author is in EPST, Vol. 10, 21–54 (2004). The present article is an update to late 2014 or early 2015. The valid references from 2004 have been largely retained, or in a few cases updated. References with number-letter format are new.
