Isotope Methods – Homogeneous
R. Morris Bullock,
Bruce R. Bender,
R. Morris Bullock
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
Search for more papers by this authorBruce R. Bender
The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
Search for more papers by this authorR. Morris Bullock,
Bruce R. Bender,
R. Morris Bullock
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York
Search for more papers by this authorBruce R. Bender
The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The article reviews the use of isotopes to determine mechanisms of homogeneously catalyzed reactions. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) and equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) on single steps as well as those on complete catalytic cycles are considered. Coverage includes EIEs and KIEs for the addition and elimination of H2 and hydrocarbons to metal complexes. Isotope effects for proton, hydrogen atom, and hydride transfer to and from metal complexes, along with insertions into metal–hydrogen bonds, are discussed in detail. Isotope effects on olefin polymerization, oxidation, hydrogenation, and hydroformylation are discussed. Isotope effects on spectroscopic properties are included by way of discussion and interpretation.
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