Abstract
[7439-93-2] Li (MW 6.94)
InChI = 1S/Li
InChIKey = WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
(powerful reducing agent;1 used for partial reduction of aromatics and conjugated polyenes;1e,m–o conversion of alkynes to trans-alkenes;1a,h stereoselective reduction of hindered ketones;11 enone reduction and regioselective alkylation;1f,j reductive cleavage of polar single bonds1a)
Physical Data: mp 180.5 °C; bp 1327 ± 10 °C; d 0.534 g cm−3. Natural isotopic composition: 7Li (92.6 %); 6Li (7.4 %).
Solubility: 10.9 g/100 g NH3 at −33 °C (= 74.1 g/L NH3); 36.5 g/L MeNH2 at −23 °C.
Form Supplied in: under Ar, as solid in the form of wire, ribbon, rod, foil, shot, ingot, or as a powder; in mineral oil, as wire, shot, or as 25–30 wt % dispersions.
Purify: commercially available in up to 99.97% purity. In general, lithium is not further purified except for cutting off the surface coating.
Handling, Storage, and Precautions: best stored under mineral oil in airtight steel drums and handled under Ar or He. Dispersions in mineral oil segregate on storage and uniformity is restored by stirring. The mineral oil is washed off under Ar with pentane or hexane, and the metal is either dried in an Ar stream or rinsed with the reaction solvent. Dry Li powder is extremely reactive towards air, H2O vapor, and N2. The metal reacts rapidly with moist air at 25 °C, but with dry air or dry O2 only at higher temperatures (>100 °C). A slight blow can initiate violent burning. Reaction with N2 already occurs at 25 °C, but is inhibited by traces of O2. Li reacts readily with H2O, but does not spontaneously ignite as the other alkali metals do. It reacts rapidly with dil HCl and H2SO4 and vigorously with HNO3. Ready reaction occurs with halogens.
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